...transduction: unrestricted delivery into all cells? Schwarze SR, Hruska KA, Dowdy SF. Trends Cell Biol. 2000...

....org/kits/sabatini-wood-cancer-pathway-orfs/ Finding signaling pathways involved in drug resistance Wood...cancer pathways ORFs kit Wood and his colleagues developed the kit for use in screening for pathways that...activators for more cancer-related pathways and more nodes within those pathways. With support from the National...theme is that they do so by activating signaling pathways controlling properties like growth, survival, ...Wood wanted to find out which particular pathways drive resistance to specific drugs in specific contexts...Institute and MIT, started with a list of 17 signaling pathways that are frequently implicated in cancer cell ...differentiation, and apoptosis. For each of these 17 pathways, they identified a set of one to three mutant ...

... to answer this question! The Pathways Over Time project The Pathways over Time project provides a framework...straightforward. Instructors first select a multi-gene pathway to study and a reference organism where deletion...(Figure 1) occurs through a well-characterized pathway with multiple enzymatic steps (5). In their experiments... since the species diverged. Tips on using the Pathways Over Time plasmids The plasmids are used as part...genes selected from different parts of the Met pathway (Fig. 1). In addition to the complementation experiments..., Warner, D.M., Ludlow, L.H., & O'Connor, C.M. Pathways over time: Functional genomics research in an ... pathways over time...

... Resources References Cele S, Gazy I, Jackson L, Hwa S-H, Tegally H, Lustig G, Giandhari J, Pillay S, ...

...secondary pathways with photoswitches OptoXRs are great for activating entire signaling pathways, but what...signaling pathways allowing researchers greater control over when and where to activate the pathway than traditional... a single pathway to activate various protein regulators at different points in the pathway. Photoswitches...signaling pathways. Light exposure removes the block provided by the LOV domain allowing the pathway to be... same pathways. Additionally, as GPCR signaling is amplified in successive steps along a pathway, there...exposed to light, they activate downstream signaling pathways that can change both the membrane potential and...either activate or inhibit a specific receptor or pathway.  Light-gated ion channels Light activated ion ...

...signaling pathways, scientists frequently use growth factors or serum to stimulate a pathway of interest...signaling pathway (i.e. everything downstream of MEK1), bypassing the upstream portion of the pathway and focusing...signaling pathways Negative feedback loops are a common feature of signal transduction pathways, but are...Signal transduction pathways are a lot like cell phone networks. Protein kinases deliver messages to ...to the next members of their pathways, but where the kinases are located, their signal strength, and how...ability of kinase inhibitors to alter Raf1-MEK-ERK pathway signaling by using psMEK1 and an ERK kinase translocation...the inhibitor targeted upstream members of the pathway (Raf1, EGRF), the KTR localized to the cytoplasm...

...apoptotic pathway and be eliminated from the body. In the case of cancer, however, the apoptotic pathway is ...investigators may select a pathway and identify any genes within that pathway that are of interest to their...environments for many cell types. From proteins to pathways - Ras as a model When mutations do arise and cancer... focused on picking apart the complex cellular pathways involved in the development of different cancers... One of the most prominent of these is the Ras pathway. The term “Ras” collectively refers to 3 proteins...exciting and relatively new resources is the RAS Pathway Clone Collection 2.0. The collection is a set of...that represents 180 genes from the Ras signaling pathway. Its major appeal is that it enables the simple...

...of homology directed repair, one of the repair pathways of DSBs, with a focus on repair for genome modification... cells, repair of DSBs occurs primarily by two pathways: Non-Homologous End-Joining (NHEJ) and Homology...HDR). NHEJ is the canonical homology-independent pathway as it involves the direct ligation of sticky or...unique HDR mechanisms, but all templated-repair pathways have these central steps: The 5’ DNA end of the...the DNA repair process Homology directed repair pathways HDR mechanisms can be divided into two main camps...chromatid, plasmid, etc.), and consists of three pathways: classical double-strand break repair (DSBR), ...double-strand break repair (DSBR) In the classical DSBR pathway, the 3’ ends invade an intact homologous template...

...including the organelles that compose the secretory pathway, endocytic vesicles, mitochondria, lysosomes or...inappropriate disulfide bonds in the secretory pathway (Figure 1) [4,6–8]. Additionally, FPs that encode...sequence intended to localize them to the secretory pathway, a dark pool that is mislocalized to the ER can... blocked from proceeding through the secretory pathway, and retained in the ER. FPs have been undeniably... cellular compartments including the secretory pathway (Figure 2), the inner membrane space of mitochondria...postdoctoral fellowship with Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz at the National Institutes of Health and he is... of green fluorescent protein in the secretory pathway of endocrine cells." Biochem. J 360 (2001): 645...

...retrograde tracing take advantage of existing transport pathways in neurons. Anterograde transport is typically... molecules targeted for degradation. These two pathways also use different cytoskeletal machineries to...1971), plant lectins (wheat germ agglutinin WGA, Schwab et al., 1978) or fluorescent molecules such as ...another at synapses resulting in faint signals (Schwab et al., 1979; Buttry & Goshgarian, 2015). Nevertheless... transsynaptic viral tracer for mapping output pathways of genetically marked neurons. Neuron 72(6), 938...retrograde gene transfer into primate neuronal pathways via adeno-associated virus serotype 8 and 9. Neuroscience... (2017). Identification of a motor to auditory pathway important for vocal learning. Nat Neurosci 20(7...

... harnessed to regulate signaling pathways such as the Ras/Erk pathway. What’s next for OptoNBs? While ...us into cells: light-based control of signaling pathways. This is particularly exciting because using light...pharmacological or genetic manipulation of the signaling pathway.  As a proof-of-principle, the team created an ...an OptoNB to control the Ras/Erk signaling pathway, which is often over-activated in cancer due to its ...offer more levers to pull to control signaling pathways. For example, if the OptoNB could bind and block...flip of a light switch could control a signaling pathway. Ultimately, development of more OptoNBs would ...

...!) The cortical pathways to the IC were well transduced by AAVrg while other pathways such as those in... the cell. This means that not all neurons and pathways will be transduced equally well by AAV-retrograde...Albaugh, 2020, Tervo, 2016).  In fact, some neuronal pathways may not be transduced at all by this serotype....Beebe in Brett Schofield’s lab demonstrated that pathways projecting to the inferior colliculus (IC) are... noted a lack of transduction in catecholamine pathways from the spinal cord (Wang, 2018, Metcalfe, 2022... (e.g. Cre or FLP) to transduce the projection pathway neurons and then inject a recombinase-dependent...

...synthetases Nanocompartments for yeast bioproduction pathways The CRISPR corner New ready-to-use viral preps...simple enzyme protection in yeast bioproduction pathways By Gabrielle Clouse Claudia Vickers’ lab has created...interactions in the cell, improving biosynthetic pathway yields by stabilizing rate-limiting enzymes. In...system encapsulated a rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway (myo-inositol oxygenase), providing enzyme protection...suggesting that MPyV system can improve metabolic pathway yields by encapsulating a single enzyme. Compared... to co-localize multiple enzymes in a reaction pathway, the MPyV system provides a simple, efficient method...protecting a single enzyme that drives biosynthetic pathways.   Cheah et al., bioRxiv 2021. https://doi.org...

...tricks for harnessing the homology-directed repair pathway, designing the best donor DNA, and avoiding common...knock-in cell line is to utilize the built-in repair pathway cells already have for repairing DNA double strand...is the dominant homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway in mammalian cells, but a less frequent DNA repair...  Designing donors for HDR The basis of the HDR pathway relies on repair from a template molecule, which...said earlier, HDR is not the most common editing pathway for DNA repair. To tilt the scales in your favor...alt-EJ). Inhibitors to essential components of both pathways have been shown to be efficacious for increasing... potentially shuttling repair down a different pathway (Charpentier et al., Nat Com).     Fig....

...dissect a complex signaling pathway, and to identify what part of a pathway to inhibit to block the cellular...are causal for a phenotype of interest. Selected pathways  I attended a great talk when I was a PhD student...impression on me. The slide showed a complex signaling pathway with many receptors, signaling molecules, transcription... to show exactly which components of the known pathway that were essential for the activity of different...targeting all potential components of a signaling pathway. For example, one could study the cellular response...screen, known components of the cytokine signaling pathway could be targeted. Cells failing to upregulate ...

...corresponding to known cellular signaling pathways as part of our Genetic Pathway Reference Set. These Gateway-compatible...cDNA clones mapping to well-annotated cellular pathways). It wasn’t clear whether gene-agnostic bioassays...The pan cancer mutant collection and the genetic pathway reference collections are described in this paper...PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5386591.  The genetic pathway reference collection is described in this publication...

...achieved in vivo using a bacterial recombination pathway that is present even in common lab cloning strains...strains. This intrinsic bacterial recombination pathway, referred to as recA-independent recombination, ...functions as a bacterial DNA repair mechanism. The pathway is ubiquitous, with successful recombination reported...E. coli strains tested so far. The use of this pathway as a cloning tool was first reported over 25 years...et al., 2016) uses the bacterial recombination pathway to allow any cloning procedure to be performed ...

...ACS Synth Bio. 2015. PubMed PMID: 26479688. RAS Pathway Clone Collection 2.0 Ras proteins are small GTPases...GTPases involved in cell signaling pathways that control many cellular processes such as differentiation...Understanding how molecules in the Ras signaling pathway interact will allow scientists to develop better... has recently released a collection of 360 Ras pathway plasmids to the scientific community. This collection... from a crowd-sourced map of the RAS signaling pathway and includes 180 unique transcripts. Each gene ...as to examine the mechanisms behind autophagic pathways. Rosado, et al. Autophagy. 2008. PubMed PMID:...-throughput tagging projects can be performed. Schwartz, et al. Genetics. 2016. PubMed PMID: 26837755 ...

...resistance gal Mutation in galactose metabolism pathway Cells cannot grow on galactose only gyrA, gyrA96...taken up by cell mcrA, mcrBC Inactivation of pathway that cleaves methylated cytosine DNA Allows for...methylated) DNA mrr, Δ(mcrC-mrr) Inactivation of pathway that cleaves methylated adenine or cytosine DNA...growth ara disruption of arabinose metabolism pathway Inability to utilize arabinose as a carbon source...growth proAB mutation in proline biosynthesis pathway Requires exogenous proline source for growth ...

...used to recreate natural biosynthetic pathways. Biosynthetic pathways containing multiple enzymes could be...improved cell-free system to examine biosynthetic pathways A new tool for enriching ABE-targeted cells The...transcription/translation system to examine biosynthetic pathways  By Gabrielle Clouse Recently, cell-free transcription...