...your article doesn’t turn into a textbook. Get the journal’s submission rules for review articles Whether...from the article to be able to keep editing it effectively. You will also begin to hate the article. This...Writing a review article is a wonderful way to develop and exercise your scientist skill set. If you ...basically, a scientist’s tool kit. I wrote a review article on histone modifers in B and T cells with my adviser... good” by no definitive criteria. I read these articles to get a sense of the themes in the field and ...for seminal papers on these themes, and also for articles from the active/well-known researchers in the ...feedback on the scope and the content. Submit your article! Overall, writing a review can be overwhelming ...

...of citing articles. From the article list you can click on the PubMed link to find the article abstract...from these citing articles. What's this? Simply put, if the authors of a "Citing Article" have deposited... a new feature on our plasmid pages - links to articles citing this plasmid. Now you can learn how a plasmid...publications, you'll find a link to the list of citing articles under the "Resource Information" heading in the...heading, you'll be directed to a page listing the articles that cite this plasmid. You can use the dropdown...deposited plasmids associated with this "Citing Article" - such as cloning their gene of interest into a previously...from Addgene may get your paper listed in the "Articles Citing This Plasmid" list increasing your work's...

...saw that these AAV particles come in a slightly different shape. These AAV particles are often found with...with cellular exosomes, small membrane vesicles or microvesicles (approx. 40 - 150 nm diameter) that are... found that the association of AAV particles with membrane vesicles protects them from antibody recognition...exosome AAVs is related to the use of microvesicles as a vehicle for drug delivery that has recently gained...During vector production, assembled AAV vector particles accumulate inside the producer cells and purification...process that begins with cell lysis to release AAV particles with subsequent purification steps. It’s also ...cellular membrane into the culture medium. AAV particles are either associated with the outside surface...

...getting these particles to infect cells is also very titer-dependent. In order for an AAV particle to infect...causing less particles to be released into suspension and lowering the number of viral particles that can ...generating viral particles. Limit tube transfer - the fewer opportunities your viral particles have to stick...contact with a cell Although an individual AAV particle’s ability to infect a cell is dependent on its ..., you can see the dwindling proportion of AAV particles that make it through each part of the cell on ...expressed. The bottom line is that a lot of AAV particles are needed to get a few good ones into a cell ...contact between the cell and any individual AAV particle is rare. But simply getting into the cell may ...

...by the ratio of physical viral particles to infectious viral particles. Ratio of full to empty viral capsids...vector particles. This image shows that the vast majority of the vectors consist of full particles (white...? Physical titer: the concentration of viral particles containing viral genomes. Physical titers are ...quantification methods - see below), since each viral particle typically contains one viral genome. Other than... Infectious titer: the concentration of viral particles that can transduce cells. Infectious titers are... to have a near-perfect physical-to-infectious particle ratio of 1:1 (Zeltner et al., 2010). However, ...the same study reported a physical-to-infectious particle ratio of 50:1 (Zeltner et al., 2010). The specific...

... gas vesicles gene clusters from a diverse set of gas vesicle-expressing species. The gas vesicle genes...flos-aquae gas vesicle gene cluster because of its small size and its ability to produce gas vesicles with nonlinear...of air-filled protein nanostructures called gas vesicles, which scatter sound waves and thereby produce...pBAD-bARGSer-AxeTxe (Fig. 1a).  With pBAD-bARGSer-AxeTxe, gas vesicle expression in E. coli is easy: simply grow cells...arabinose-containing plates will be visibly white, and gas vesicles in cells are visible under both phase contrast...microscopy and electron microscopy (Fig. 1b). Gas vesicle expression in vivo is also straightforward: after... before imaging with ultrasound to observe gas vesicle-specific ultrasound contrast where the bacteria...

... be integrated into the new viral particles and the virus particles produced could not replicate. However...favourite cell line or into primary cells, this blog article will give you some tips to plan your experiment... genes necessary for the production of a viral particle (Gag, Pol, Tat, Rev and Env) and the transfer ...necessary to encapsulate that insert into a viral particle (the packaging signal Psi). Because the packaging...and broadens the cellular tropism of the viral particles produced. However, in this vector production system...essential for the production of the lentiviral particle have been removed. This generation is safer than...set-up and purify and concentrate your lentiviral particles to get them to the optimum concentration to infect...

...proteins that form bacterial gas vesicles. These ~200nm long vesicles have hollow interiors and a protein...and arg2 vesicles is the amount of soundwave pressure required to collapse them: arg2 vesicles collapse...collapse at a lower pressure than arg1 vesicles. Following collapse, vesicles are invisible to ultrasound, which...(ARGs) overcome these limitations by using gas vesicle reporters that are detectable by an inexpensive...that excludes water but is gas permeable. These vesicles are primarily used by water-dwelling photosynthetic.... The Shapiro lab recently discovered that gas vesicles also scatter sound waves and therefore produce...resolution. By piecing together genes from gas vesicle operons from two different bacteria, Bourdeau et...

...infectious titer, meaning the concentration of viral particles that can transduce cells, which can vary based...physical titers, meaning the concentration of viral particles containing a viral genome. While ddPCR is superior... sequences. Human Gene Therapy Methods, 23(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1089/hgtb.2011.034 Benyamini...in the CNS. Molecular Neurodegeneration, 15(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-020-00361-z Grimm...& Kleinschmidt, J. (1999). Titration of AAV-2 particles via a novel capsid ELISA: Packaging of genomes...production of recombinant AAV-2. Gene Therapy, 6(7), Article 7. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gt.3300946 Howard... 1 Vectors. Human Gene Therapy Methods, 28(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1089/hgtb.2016.180 Korte,...

...of the vector particle, some of the RT protein gets packaged inside of the vector particle, along with ...you consider that out of the 6 x 106 virus-like particles that we come into contact with every day (Prussin...understanding of the structure of a wild-type viral particle — and of the normal, replicative life cycle — ...detailed view of the structure of a retroviral particle, which is essentially the same for viruses and...How it is, exactly, that heaps of viral vector particles are made while missing the polymerase gene may...envelope during exocytotic budding, as the viral particle emerges. Retrovirus life cycle Retroviruses go...cycle” in order to understand what these vector particles do once they come in contact with target cells...

...to your article. Note that if you entered a deposit description, this will become your article title. ...Figure 4: Add plasmids to the article by clicking “Add Plasmid to this Article” (left) and entering a plasmid...publication where you described them. Search for your article as you would search for it in PubMed and choose...pages and scientists will be asked to cite this article when using your plasmids. You can submit "Unpublished...sequences, and/or maps. Add plasmids to your article After you’ve selected your publication or entered...description/experimental purpose (right). On the article page, enter the name, type, and description of ...next-generation sequencing. Please see the help center article, "Can I deposit a pooled DNA library with Addgene...

...the repository through our hot plasmids articles. These articles provide brief summaries of recent plasmid...plasmids you need. Below you'll find our hot plasmid articles from April 2018. If you'd ever like to write about...-Away: Targeted endogenous protein degradation Article contributed by Mary Gearing Listen to the TRIM-Away...29153837. Endosomal pH sensors for STED nanoscopy Article contributed by Eric J. Perkins Listen to Endosomal...microscopy, comes from his recent Nature Communications article “SRpHi ratiometric pH biosensors for super-resolution...biosensors used to detect the maturation of neutral vesicles to more acidic lysosomes. Though a number of biosensors...microscopy techniques, the first author of this article, Dr. Douglas Richardson, recently contributed a...

...vectors consist of full particles (white arrowhead) relative to empty particles (black arrowhead). Scale...produced your viral vector lot. At Addgene, AAV particles are titered by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) using...of empty to full (i.e., genome-containing) AAV particles within representative vector preparations was ...microscopy after negative staining. Empty vector particles can be identified after negative staining and ...and appear darker than full vector particles.     Figure 3: Electron micrograph of AAV vector preparation...prior to being frozen. Specifically, lentiviral particles are collected from the lentiviral preparation ...centrifugation. Precipitated pellets containing viral particles are then resuspended in PBS, aliquoted, frozen...

...the repository through our hot plasmids articles. These articles provide brief summaries of recent plasmid... Light-mediated block of synaptic transmission Article contributed by Klaus Wanisch  Listen to the optogenetics...noninvasive imaging of microbes in mammalian hosts Article contributed by Lukas Morgan  Listen to the acoustic...ultrasound. These ARG plasmids contain genes for “gas vesicles,” a gas-filled protein structure that water-bound... Shapiro lab discovered in 2014 that these gas vesicle proteins scatter sound waves and create ultrasound...Typhimurium. This work demonstrates engineered gas vesicles as the first reporter genes using ultrasound and...on mechanisms of miRNA-mediated gene regulation Article contributed by Michael Lemieux  Listen to the miRNA...

...authors, year, narrow by article type (review, patent, clinical study, research article etc). There are also...can generally take you to the full text of the article – via the journal (though you may need to be on...literature search, try to find a recent review article to give you an overview of the topic and point ...point you to relevant primary research articles. Then just start reading and following citations through the...introductions should be fairly focused. Consult a review article for a broader scope of what’s going on in any given...probably won’t get much attention reading through an article for the first time. The first time through, just...builds up to an overall conclusion(s). In some articles, the data are presented to build a case for a ...

...the blog articles come up as well as their topic category. New author pages to find articles from your... to the new Addgene blog! Same URL, same great articles to help you with your experiments, but a new look... molecular biologists alike. Now with over 600 articles, we needed a better way to organize and present...try the search bar Now, you can search for the articles you want to find without even leaving the Addgene...behind the blog post and find more of their work. Articles from guest bloggers will have the author information...information at the top and bottom of their article. We hope you’ll join the conversation! Let us know if ...you up-to-date. Be the first to know about new articles on the Addgene blog by subscribing to instant ...

...the repository through our hot plasmids articles. These articles provide brief summaries of recent plasmid... tagging of proteins for degradation using AID Article contributed by Alyssa Cecchetelli Auxin Inducible...targeting range of CRISPRCas9 by engineering SpCas9 Article contributed by Shreya Vedantam CRISPR/Cas9 is widely... channelrhodopsins for the optogenetic toolbox Article contributed by Susanna Bachle Anion-conducting ...identified MerMAIDS from their analysis of different publicly available metagenomic data including the Tara ...demonstrates the power of combining the analysis of publicly available metagenomic datasets with biophysical...PMID: 31346176. Using LADL to loop with light Article contributed by Eric Perkins Mammalian genomic DNA...

...Cas9 RNP delivery vehicle that’s based on mouse leukemia virus (MLV) virus-like particles (VLPs). VLPs lack...are engineered murine leukemia virus (MLV)-like particles loaded with Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoproteins (RNPs...their tool Nanoblades because they think of these particles as tiny DNA cutting ninjas that deliver CRISPR..., multimerize and spontaneously assemble into particles at the cell membrane. Mature Nanoblades then bud...the Gag-Cas9 fusion protein. A single Nanoblade particle can be loaded with 1-4 different gRNAs. Viral ... DNA can be generated by incubating Nanoblade particles with polybrene, a cationic polymer. Polybrene ...surface, and also helps form DNA and retroviral-particle or VLPs complexes. The team found that "all-in-one...

...notice. A 2009 research study found that 12% of articles in medicine, 27% in natural sciences, 82% in humanities... But these continue to rely on printed journal articles as the dominant tool for sharing ideas. This leads... us, such as finding time to read all of these articles. Most of us hardly have time to keep up with all... them on their own. According to a Nature News Article, since the 1980s researchers have been increasingly... outside of their disciplines. Included in the article is an interactive chart where you can see the yearly...useful tool for turning video views into online article downloads – especially if they are published in...to learn more, you can then link to the journal article, find blogs about the study, or even review Facebook...

...preps in our repository through our Hot Plasmids articles. Here's what you'll find in this post: MagIC-Cryo-EM...making it easy to identify dozens or hundreds of particles surrounding each of the highly-visible beads on...collected with MagIC-cryo-EM. Nucleosome-like particles identified by Topaz software (green circles), ... from AWI by helical LEAs. C-E) cryo-EM single-particle analysis of PRC2 with RvLEAMshort (1:6 molar ratio...glutaraldehyde crosslinking: representative micrograph (C), particle orientation distribution and Fourier-shell correlation... addition of LEAs may bias the distribution of particle orientations, this could be overcome with methods...prime editors (PEs) via engineered virus-like particles (eVLPs) offers an option to transduce cells directly...