...photo-bleaching or photo-damage than in conventional laser scanning microscopy . Since image acquisition is performed...milliseconds to acquire one image, thereby significantly reducing the time it takes to image through a large z-...the acquired image (5).  A way to get around this problem is to illuminate and acquire images of a sample...the 3DISCO (3-dimensional imaging of solvent cleared organs) method of imaging rodent brains and spinal... axial resolution and reduce phototoxicity for imaging live specimens, they combined light sheet microscopy...sequential multiple-view reconstruction (5). In order to image large tissue such as cleared rodent brain, the Ultramicroscope...point-by-point scanning along the entire specimen makes imaging too slow and unwieldy for large specimens that ...

...with information about images that a sighted reader would glean from the image itself.  As we incorporated...website through the use of alt text to describe images in online spaces. Alt text is used by screen readers...Remember, our goal is to use words to describe the image in a way that helps visually impaired readers receive...information as sighted readers.    Figure 1: An image from AAV Purification by Iodixanol Gradient Ultracentrifugation... page? What are they hoping to get from it? The image in Figure 1 appears on our protocol page for AAV...Second, you’ll identify your purpose in using that image. Try using the questions: What is the goal, who ...fundamentally change about their knowledge?    Here, this image is being used to convey the difference between a...

...photostability. It enables sustained deep-tissue imaging in vivo. Image reproduced from Liu et al. 2022, under ...fluorescence lifetime imaging. B) LiLac responses are highly resistant to pH changes. Image adapted from Koveal...intracellular loop of various G-protein-coupled receptors. Image adapted from Ino et al. 2022, under CC-BY license... sensitivity compared with earlier SF-iGluSnFR. Image from Aggarwal 2022.   Find iGluSnFR3 plasmids here...improved activation kinetics and localization for imaging synaptic transmission. bioRxiv 2022.02.13.480251...-2P (Liu et al. 2022) optimized for two-photon imaging. They use a unique and powerful high-throughput...RTK activation by shift in cellular localization. Image adapted from Farahani et al. 2022, under CC-BY license...

...Two-photon image of miRFP670nano3-expressing neurons in the neocortex of a living mouse. Image courtesy ... for efficient binding of endogenous BV.  When imaging NIR FPs, consider using light sources that produce...can also be used in crosstalk-free three-color imaging with green and red GFP-like FPs (Shcherbakova et... et al., 2016), as well as in four-color imaging (cyan, yellow, red, and near-infrared) (Qian et al., ...red-shifted light. The same NIR FPs and biosensors can be imaged at spatial scales from sub-cellular to whole-body...can be combined in two-color and multicolor NIR imaging.  Small miRFPnano A separate class of NIR FPs, ...proteins as tags and biosensors for multiscale imaging. Nat Commun 7, 12405 (2016). Qian, Y. et al. A ...

...Likewise, the switch from ensemble imaging to single-molecule imaging places a greater burden on the photon...protein (GFP) sparked a renaissance in biological imaging. Suddenly, cell biologists were no longer beholden...to the tag. Like most good ideas in biological imaging, the initial breakthrough for in-cell labeling ...antibody and oligonucleotide labels for fixed-cell imaging, not for live-cell applications. Thus, these fluorophores...properties inside living cells, especially for advanced imaging experiments. We continue to develop derivatives...can provide a fresh infusion of photons for your imaging experiment. Innovative labeling strategies and ...us to push further the frontiers of biological imaging.  *Worried about your budget? Email janeliafluor...

...water.)  Step 5: Image   Figure 1: The ExM process allows you to physically magnify a sample so you...ExM) promises an easier, more accessible way to image biological features previously only visible via ...planning your own ExM experiment or evaluating ExM images in a new publication.         Why Expansion Microscopy...Super-resolution microscopy (SRM), a family of imaging techniques developed to break through the resolution...straightforward answer to the space problem. Instead of imaging smaller, what if we just made the sample bigger... microscope.  Along with using more accessible imaging equipment, ExM protocols utilize relatively inexpensive... you don’t have to optically magnify quite so much. Created with biorender.com Steps 2-4 are not found...

...switches to any color or tag you want? It sounds like magic, but it’s real! In this post, we’re going to talk...substrate. Then, all it takes is a bit of chemistry magic to produce a wide range of useful molecules linked...and black is the fusion tag or labeling system. Image adapted from Lavis, 2016, under CC-BY. Common...structures or low levels of expression with the same imaging workflows you already use. Or you can really capitalize...   Figure 2: Two-color super-resolution imaging of ER and mitochondria reveals dynamic organelle... cell ER labeled with Halo-Sec61β with SiR-CA (magenta) and outer mitochondrial membrane labeled with ...with SNAP-OMP25 with Atto590-BG (green), imaged with stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy. Scale...

...substance (fluorophore) that has absorbed light or electromagnetic radiation at another wavelength (Heinrichs,...molecules are critical for accurate and reliable imaging and assay results (Hayashi-Takanaka et al., 2014... important for intracellular fluorescence live imaging ​​(Hayashi-Takanaka et al., 2014). Dyes can also... cell membranes can prove useful for live-cell imaging. Experimental context and ligand binding: The context...matching dye/ligand choices For effective live-cell imaging, the use of dyes that exhibit low toxicity and ... 123 (R123) (Liu et al., 2017). In multi-color imaging, it is essential to select dyes with different ...differentiation between multiple dyes during analysis. Image resolution is impacted by several factors. Firstly...

...shown to be effective for imaging single molecules and for live-cell imaging in C. elegans. Other groups...riboswitches can be used as stable metabolite sensors for imaging in live cells. By placing Spinach downstream of...search for something more stable for quantitative imaging, Ming Hammond’s group created Spinach2 using site-directed... its length reduces artefacts during live cell imaging. Bunch of baby spinach, or BoBS, contains tandem... intracellularly due to a lower dependency on magnesium and higher thermal stability, making it a potentially...about 1.8-fold, and may be a better choice for imaging than the monomer. Broccoli has been developed into...photostable and useful for both live and fixed cell imaging. New ingredients in the aptamer soup In addition...

... using widefield imaging. Our choice for a photostable protein for live cell imaging would be mTurquoise2... will photobleach at some point. For live-cell imaging, it is desirable to have fluorescent proteins that.... The best fluorescent proteins for live cell imaging can be excited many times, thereby producing a ...power is important since different fluorescence imaging strategies use widely varying amounts of excitation...light (for a brief time), whereas in widefield imaging fluorophores are excited with relatively low light...is a key requirement for quantitative live-cell imaging, it is important to be able to quantify the photostability...experiments’, it is advisable to perform time-lapse imaging of cells producing the fluorescent protein of interest...

...include the ImageJ plugins JACoP and Coloc 2, BioImageXD, and customized CellProfiler pipelines. Image analysis...examine your images using subjective judgement by simply “looking at them”. Modern cameras and image analysis...organelles. Take a sneak peak inside a cell with the images from the Allen Cell Explorer (1). When studying...subjective color intensity perception. Open source image analysis software tools can be used for colocalization...quantitative colocalization analysis methods and useful image analysis software tools. Pitfalls, limitations,...for general problems associated with fluorescent imaging such as bleed-through (the incorrect detection ...should use and how to select FPs for muli-color imaging. Furthermore, one must bear in mind that the resolution...

... the smFP structure resembles images of the deity (see comparison image above). The church of the Flying...cutting-edge imaging technologies such as array tomography, super-resolution STORM imaging, and electron...antibodies. The most famous ones are influenza hemagglutinin (HA), myelocytomatosis viral oncogene (myc),...signal, they cannot be detected directly in live imaging experiments. It is therefore difficult to use epitope... fluorescent and can therefore be used in live imaging experiments crucial to studying neuronal circuits...light in only a single channel. In multi-color imaging experiments, the second color is usually provided... difficult to use in a multicolor/multichannel imaging set-up. In contrast, smFP tags can be recognized...

...collected by centrifugation (agarose beads) or a magnet (magnetic beads), providing a solid support while unbound...surface of magnetic beads, and are therefore completely accessible. The yields from magnetic beads are ... The beads are collected by centrifugation or a magnet. 4) Unbound proteins are washed away. 5) The target...protein is immobilized, or tethered, on agarose or magnetic beads and then incubated with a protein mix. During...often called the capture antibody, to agarose or magnetic beads in a way that also allows the antibody to...recombinant Protein A/G are conjugated to agarose or magnetic beads and allowed to bind to the antibody being...antibodies can be directly conjugated to agarose or magnetic beads with commercially available chemical agents...

...at Addgene, can be used for ratiometric in vivo imaging. Griesbeck explains, while these Twitch sensors...commercially available beam splitters. In addition to imaging neurons, Griesbeck adds that this color change ...neuroscience and immunology. Don’t be shy: Ratiometric imaging for beginners Griesbeck says his calcium indicators...may have a tendency to shy away from ratiometric imaging, he recommends they give it a shot. “Beginners ...sensor proteins, particularly for the intracellular imaging of transition metal ions, such as zinc, copper,...including his zinc sensor and his genetically encoded magnesium sensor, the first of its kind. “I hope by depositing...ratiometric calcium sensors for functional in vivo imaging of neurons and T lymphocytes. Nat Methods. 2014...

...for in-culture work and 2P in vivo imaging, PDGFR for bulk 1P imaging or in new preps. Using iGluSnFR3 ...iGluSnFR3: Improved Glutamate Indicators for Synaptic Imaging However, the first two generations of iGluSnFR ...experiments requiring high signal to noise ratios, imaging of high frequency glutamate signaling events, and...sensing glutamate using both 1-photon and 2-photon imaging.   Figure 1: 1P and 2P excitation and emission...SF-Venus-iGluSnFR.A184V, iGluSnFR3 v82, and iGluSnFR3 v857. Image adapted from Aggarwal et al., Figure 1   Increased...titration curves for the different iGluSnFR variants. Image adapted from Aggarwal et al…, Supplementary Figure... and ∆F/F0 for the different iGluSnFR variants. Image adapted from Aggarwal et al…, Supplementary Figure...

...cereblon Optimized mScarlet-based tags for live imaging in C. elegans CRISPR/Cas9 for gene disruption in... Anti-V5 [IPI-SV5-Pk1] in a western blot assay. Image reused from Anderson et al., 2024 under CC BY license...ubiquitination substrate Ikaros (IKZF1ZF2) (B). Image adapted from Kroupova et al., 2024 under CC BY license... 39406745. Optimizing mScarlet tags for live imaging in C. elegans By Alyssa Neuhaus Red fluorescent...stages of embryonic development. Representative images of single focal planes through the middle of each...mScarlet-I3 constructs. Scale bar for all panels: 20 µm. Image reused from Cao et al., 2024 under CC-BY license...scenarios requiring rapid maturation and prolonged imaging with minimal background.   Find these C. elegans...

...of microscopy, where image processing algorithms for analyzing time-lapse images, quantitatively evaluating...CARE), segmentation of imaging data (ILASTIK), or the popular plugin-based image process framework FIJI...almost all disciplines. In biology, innovative new imaging approaches are constantly being developed which...through a microscope. Lower left panel shows an image of differentiating monocyte with planes and hardware...cutting-edge research to everybody by relying on tailored image processing and low-cost optical setups. References...Manu Prakash, "Squid: Simplifying Quantitative Imaging Platform Development and Deployment." bioRxiv. ...-cost 3D-printed open standard for microscopic imaging. Nat Commun 11, 5979 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038...

...freeware.    Fig. 4: Images of 12 visual barcodes in use in A375 cell line. Image from Kaufman, et al,...Schematic showing the workflow for the BLITZ system. Image from Xiong et al. 2021.    BLITZ uses the biotin... of a CAG-driven mNeonGreen construct in mouse. Image from Goertsen D, et al., 2022.  Find M-CREATE... dCas9-based gene editor using microbial SSAPs. Image from Wang, et al, 2022.  Find dCas9-SSAP plasmids...clonal multiplexing by: Rachel Leeson Multiplexed images in live cells remains a challenge due to multiple...barcodes for clonal multiplexing of cells in live imaging application. Each visual barcode consists of a ... they were able to develop a 12-plex multiplex imaging system. Mixing the subclones within a single well...

...neurons, imaged 14 days post-transfection, excited at 505 nm (right). Scalebar represents 100 µm. Image from...and pain. Once these are completed, Hubbard will image these neurons using GCaMP7, measuring calcium signaling...disorder,” says Hubbard. Figure 3: 20x confocal image of the periaqueductal gray (PAG), with red neurons...expressing tdTomato and green neurons expressing cFos. Image from Elizabeth Hubbard.   Haoyi Qiu: Pain response...of the spinal cord. Created with BioRender.com. Image from Haoyi Qiu.   He Tian: Directed evolution...high-performance sensors to enable multiplexed imaging of neurotransmitter, calcium, and membrane voltage...Citrine-tagged voltage indicator expressed in mouse cortex. Image from He Tian. Congrats again to all the recipients...

...NST. (A-C) Low-magnification images showing viral spread. (D-F)  High-magnification images immuno-stained...methods and image descriptions, a minimum n = 2, and well labeled high- and low-magnification images demonstrating...immuno-stained against dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH, magenta) to label norepinephrine (NE) expressing neurons and...