... different fluorescent labels. The machine detects which fluorescently labeled nucleotide is present at...combined discoveries of restriction enzymes, DNA ligase, and gel electrophoresis allowed for the ability...strands of varying lengths whose last nucleotide is labeled. Once all the newly synthesized DNA is made, the... of DNA is first fragmented into small pieces, labeled with a short DNA barcode, and amplified. These ...base is added. Again, each base (A,C,T, or G) is labelled with a different color making it easy to identify...and the machine cannot distinguish between the 4 labelled nucleotides. Epitope tags on the other hand are...

...visualize chromatin and RNA dynamics in live cells. Labeling can be done by fusing catalytically inactive dCas9...protein (GFP), creating a customizable DNA or RNA label for fluorescence microscopy. RNA aptamers, like ...genomic locus requires recruitment of many copies of labeled proteins to the site. Chromosome-specific repetitive...proximity. A non-repetitive genomic locus can also be labeled by co-delivering multiple gRNAs that tile the locus...RNA in live cells, including orthogonal RNA/DNA labeling in the same cell. Figure 11: Overview of visualizing...acceptor site to dCas9 and co-expressing BirA biotin ligase. Whatever the chosen epitope tag, the locus is ..., S., & Pederson, T. (2015). Multicolor CRISPR labeling of chromosomal loci in human cells. PNAS . 112...