... you. Statistics – The basics Statistical analysis is what determines if there is statistical significance... several core factors of statistics relevant for many downstream statistical tests.   Independent variables.... 2). Assumptions – characteristics of a data set; the ‘rules’ a statistical test assumes your data...are statistically different. They are classic parametric tests and one of the simplest statistical tests...if the dependent variables worked synergistically, antagonistically, were additive, etc.). ANCOVA and....   Fig. 3: Question flowchart for choosing an ANOVA/MANOVA statistical test   Post hoc tests...described above. Violated assumptions and statistics Statistical power, the ability to correctly identify...

...we introduce you to the Journal of Emerging Investigators, an open-access journal that enables high school... the folks behind the journal and hear from a fantastic team of high school students who recently submitted... the interview with the Journal of Emerging Investigators Podcast breakdown Intro Chapter 1 - Introduction...Olivia Ho-Shing, and the Journal of Emerging Investigators. Chapter 2 - Getting high school students and...

... interest in “stingy science”.  Practicing thrift and conservation in the lab One stingy science project...me that most Addgenies make an effort to avoid plastic bags and to conserve resources where possible.  ....  At the lunch table, for instance, we have a plastic container problem…reusable containers pile up by...sink after lunch as fewer and fewer people use plastic bags.  We also try to recycle our discards according...about conserving resources in the labs. Disposable plastic materials are fairly inexpensive in this country... funded and we didn’t feel the need to reuse plasticware or think about conserving reagents and buffers...competent cells to save time and money. My other stingy science project started when I realized I was pouring...

...What are Acoustic Reporter Genes (ARGs)? Fluorescent and bioluminescent reporter genes are widely used...members of our lab - the Shapiro Lab - developed Acoustic Reporter Genes (ARGs), which are sets of genes...ultrasound nonlinearly, making them difficult to distinguish from background tissue unless destructive ultrasound...39006 produced the highest levels of nonlinear acoustic contrast in E. coli. We deleted an unannotated...the first-generation bARGs, poor expression and acoustic properties of these gas vesicles made non-destructive...expression, a smaller genetic footprint, and nonlinear acoustic scattering. The best candidate for this was the...the transfection mixture in HEK293T cells gave drastic improvement in expression. Stabilizing the gvpA...

...this signal is coming from.   Acoustic reporter genes (ARGs) Acoustic Reporter Genes (ARGs) are engineered...optimized for expression in E. coli: acoustic gene 1 (arg1) and acoustic gene 2 (arg2). The key difference...ARG’s distinct ultrasound fingerprint can be detected. Bourdeau et al calls this method acoustic collapse...for serial acoustic collapse to aid in the development of ARG constructs with new acoustic phenotypes....but each of these reporters has its drawbacks. Acoustic reporter genes (ARGs) overcome these limitations...ultrasound. Challenges of in vivo imaging with existing bacterial reporters Limited Depth of Signal/Imaging... organs located deep in the body, like the gastrointestinal tract. Require Administration of Substrate...

...answer this question: Look at master's-level job postings  Look at master’s-level job postings on a job ...know if you should earn a master? Here are a few questions to help you decide if a master’s might be for ...website like Indeed. Do the job descriptions sound interesting? Is the work something you can see yourself enjoying... enjoying?  To find master’s-level postings, try adding “master’s” to your favorite search term, i.e. ...technical writer,” among others. Don’t discount job postings looking for PhD applicants since many will also..., pharmaceuticals, etc.) Do their jobs sound interesting? Is their career path one you could see yourself...master’s is a big decision, but hopefully the questions in this blog post can help you start to figure...

...science, but also science writing.  “And since I was still in grad school, I had the opportunity to take a ...science writing internship with the National Eye Institute (NEI), where she wrote about NEI research for ...skill set wasn’t matching up with the local job postings. “There were jobs that I didn’t seem to have the...Twitter feeds and dealing with social messages and postings,” says Susan. There are also team meetings and... Susan personally found this easier to do while still in school since opportunities, such as writing for...Addgene Other Resources The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has an internship similar to Susan’s NEI...

... et al., Neuron. 2019. PubMed PMID: 30704911. Acoustic reporter genes for noninvasive imaging of microbes...Article contributed by Lukas Morgan  Listen to the acoustic reporter gene podcast segment In recent years,...solution, Mikhail Shapiro’s lab has developed four acoustic reporter gene (ARG) plasmids to better monitor...the ARG plasmids at Addgene. For more details on acoustic reporters, check out this blog post. Bourdeau ... Cas9-expressing mice, and used the cells to reconstitute the immune system of wild-type mice. This resulted...

...asks questions, calling on 1-2 panelist for each question in a way that elicits those interesting stories...good questions with trusted audience members. A good first question is a model for the questions that ...You know, the one where the questions are obvious, the answers uninteresting, the panel members all say... no time for audience questions and an audience member asks a 5 minute question that is really a speech...list of questions for the actual event, based on these interviews. The idea is to ask questions in a directed...spontaneity, but having a good handle on some interesting questions and topics in advance is key. Make sure ... the panelists answer all the questions (they won't all have interesting or new answers). Know when to...

...wages, overtime tracking? What are institutions doing? Institutions are now preparing to comply with the...resource on what institutions are actually doing (using the list of 340 institutions with postdocs in .... Most institutions suggest that postdocs should be paid according to the National Institutes of Health...In 2014, 89% of institutions had a minimum salary policy: of those, 51% of institutions set their postdoctoral...should be on the lookout for what their institutions, or institutions they're thinking about applying to, ...salaries will have to double at some institutions; and that institutions which can more easily provide bridge... level (the current average postdoc salary is estimated at around $45,000, but as I’ve discussed elsewhere...

...were at institutions focused only on tracking hours, and 22% of postdocs were at institutions where no..., while the mandate has been removed, institutions should still go ahead with raises, as for years there... of some public institutions) to cancel plans to raise salaries. What are institutions doing after the...interested in whether institutions planning to raise salaries prior to the injunction are still honoring these...to the injunction still won’t after the injunction (see below). Of the institutions who were planning...planning unionization at their institutions. One clear message that institutions have sent, with the lack of...their institution is doing from Future of Research over social media, not from their institution), is ...

...purification based on the polyhistidine tag. What is the polyhistidine tag? The polyhistidine tag is a string of....      Fig 2:  A, The polyhistidine tag is a string of histidine amino acids on the N- or C- terminus...residues Deciding how many histidine residues to use is a bit easier. The more histidine residues that are present... low level, try a longer histidine tag to increase capture. Longer histidine tags are also recommended... this blog has answered all of your questions about polyhistidine tags. For more antibody-related information... of 6 or more histidine residues expressed in frame on the N- or C-terminus of a recombinant protein of...based on the affinity of the imidazole ring of histidine for metal ions such as Ni2+ or Co2+ (Hochuli 1988...

...field. It is a mechanistic problem, a "how" question, not a vague goal or a "what" question. For example... ambitious goals and can help you distinguish mechanistic questions from open ended screens and data collection...terms of the question, the methods, the tools or techniques that can help resolve the question, the anticipated...full chalk talk with questions from the committee. For a list of common questions, check out this eBook...Committee questions can derail your talk. You need to balance respectfully answering questions while steering... Research Campus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Are you currently on or planning to go on the... 45 minutes. The faculty will ask you lots of questions. Your task is to convince them to accept you as...

..., certain technical considerations still apply. Testing stimulation First, In lieu of electrophysiology...that are distinguished visually through different patterns and the animal only receives stimulation in one...actually stimulating or inhibiting the targeted neuronal population prior to behavioral testing. One method...receive different types of stimulation may help to refine and optimize your stimulation parameters as well. ... and stimulate them for 30min to an hour and observe what happens. You never know how stimulation of a...personally interested in include: intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) and place preference. The lab I work in... electrode and non-specifically electrically stimulating an ill-defined region of the brain. With the ...

...those in eukaryotic cells. Some promoters are constitutively active and on all the time while others are...the cell, promoters themselves are controlled by still other regulatory factors: enhancers, boundary elements...prokaryotes We have included two reference tables below listing some of the most common bacterial and mammalian...mammalian promoters. These lists is by no means exhaustive, but should be a good place to start when trying to...expression promoter from the human cytomegalovirus Constitutive  May contain an enhancer region. Can be silenced...expression from human elongation factor 1 alpha Constitutive  Tends to give consistent expression regardless...promoter from the simian vacuolating virus 40 Constitutive  May include an enhancer. PGK1 (human or mouse...

...going to get. There are questions that are answerable in minutes and questions that could take weeks to...combatitive. Not every question is answerable, particularly when it comes to technical questions. BUT, I do believe... Double check to make sure the answer to your question didn’t come with your product - this could save...right on the tube itself! Is the answer to your question on your product’s web page, or in the company’...probably stop using that company). Frequently asked question pages on website are another great source of information... information. At least at Addgene, the questions in our FAQ section are really, truly frequently asked...skeptical about using Google for serious science questions, consider using Google Scholar, which searches...

...his eBook, adds: "If you have any questions, comments or suggestions, please do not hesitate to email ...process to distill a one-size-fits-all recipe for success. What I can promise is that my suggestions can help... people in your field that still need to understand your specific questions and experiments. Nobody EVER...aims of a chalk talk. Questions take a lot of time to discuss and the questions are important. However...It helps to come from the lab of a well-known investigator. If you only have middle author papers or no...It's much more impressive to answer an expert's question than to leave everyone confused about your research... The chalk talk, simple in principle The first question I usually get about chalk talks is, what is a ...

...COVID-19 has caused an estimated total of 380,000 deaths worldwide (statistics provided by Google on 6... Rough estimation of COVID-19 effect on plasmid requests Before we began any sophisticated analyses,...COVID-19 cases each week. Statistical Modeling Note -- If statistical modeling isn’t up your alley,...region using stochastic gradient descent in Pytorch, which gave us the maximum likelihood estimates of each...Director of the Merkin Institute and Vice-Chair of the Faculty at the Broad Institute; Professor of Chemistry...Harvard University; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator. Liu’s research integrates chemistry and...Harvard University, and David R. Liu from the Broad Institute and Harvard University. Over the course of the...

...hours for answering questions. She was able to do this because we could see the questions being posted as ...mechanics of doing the AMA were interesting. I started watching the questions and preparing answers early ... professional development etc. database. Still have questions? I am easy to reach and happy to help. ...Reddit community is active, engaged, and has great questions! 2. The r/Science subreddit is well moderated....facilitated scheduling, filtered out inflammatory questions, and even coached us on how to write our AMA submission...and Joanne’s preferred time to start answering questions. r/Science has pretty strict rules about not being...prepare answers beforehand. Joanne answered many questions in the AMA but, as you’ll learn below, even with...