...Escherichia coli bacteria. It’s hard to count the number of different commercial strains of E. coli currently...carrying out your experiment. History of E. coli strains E. coli are gram-negative, rod shaped bacteria that... the most common examples of the E. coli B strain. Common E. coli strains used in the lab Most of the... all based on E. coli K-12 and are considered BSL-1. Table 2: Lab strains of E. coli Strain Natural...+), λ– HB101 Streptomycin Hybrid of E. coli K12 and E. coli B (mostly K12, though), common lab strain... E. coli and the common features found in those bacteria. Check our our blog post covering E. coli and... changes found in E. coli strains. Table 1: Common gene mutations found in E.coli strains Gene(s) Description...

...knock-ins CasX Drug inducible CRISPR/Cas9 activation E. coli genome-wide inhibition library CRISPR knockout libraries... kit CasX, a small Cas protein, is active in E. coli and human cells Two years ago, Jennifer Doudna’s...data demonstrating that CasX is active in both E. coli and human cells. Using the structure of CasX at ...deposited plasmids for active and inactive CasX for E. coli and human expression. Read the paper in Nature ...Research Find the drug inducible Cas9 plasmids E. coli genome-wide inhibition library In the last edition...“What’s New in CRISPR,” we shared with you an E. coli genome-wide inhibition library from the Chong Zhong...Zhong lab. Now, we’ve included another E. coli genome-wide inhibition library from David Bikard’s lab....

...and Jeffrey Tabor have been working on making E. coli light responsive since 2005, when Tabor was working...lab, making light-controlled gene expression in E. coli easier and more robust. Synthetic photobiology:...light-responsive systems found in some bacteria, but not E. coli. They fall under the heading of two-component systems...light, Christopher Voigt’s lab created the first E. coli light-sensitive two-component system (TCS). Levskaya...photosensory domain from cyanobacteria to a common E. coli histidine kinase. This hybrid construct senses light...sophisticated control of gene expression. An E. coli light-sensitive two-component system (TCS). A hybrid...bulky and easier to use with other strains of E. coli, Schmidl et al. condensed the system to two streamlined...

...Escherichia coli One of the most recognizable and utilized model organisms is Escherichia coli. The bacterium...Bernardo, 2017).  Escherichia coli. Image from NIAID. E. coli is often a part of the “molecular... in E. coli have been manipulated for use in molecular biology studies. For example the E. coli biotin...Escherichia coli as a Model Organism and Its Application in Biotechnology. In Escherichia coli - Recent ...small size, and low cost, it’s understandable why E. coli is the most popular bacterial organism in microbiology...manipulation and their ability to be replicated. Because E. coli are easily propagated and have a generation time...molecular cloning and metabolic engineering.  The E. coli genome has an extensive research history and characterization...

...from a plasmid construct, most often in special E. coli strains designed for protein expression. Cultures...protein - two parameters that affect how well E. coli can produce your protein. Structural information...please see Plasmids 101: Protein Tags. Beyond E. coli: purifying from Bacillus subtilis and Pichia pastoris... for protein expression in systems other than E. coli, specifically the bacterium Bacillus subtilis and...added to proteins in other eukaryotes better than E. coli. Plasmids designed for these systems may include... bond formation. If one prefers expression in E. coli, the use of a thioredoxin A (TRX)-containing vector... Resources on the Addgene Blog Plasmids 101: E. coli strains for protein expression Plasmids 101: Protein...

...pEcCas/pEcgRNA system in 4 E. coli K-12 strains, 2 E. coli B strains, 1 E. coli W strain, and 1 Tatumella ...in E. coli. However, some users pointed out that this system did not function properly in E. coli BL21(...pEcgRNA can be applied not only in coli K-12 strains, but also in E. coli B and W strains. The optimized ...pEcgRNA. Next both plasmids are transformed in E. coli with the donor DNA for editing to take place. Then... be operated at 37 ℃ for faster growth of its E. coli host, and the addition of a sacB gene renders it... arrays targeting multiple different sites in E. coli. pCutamp cures the plasmids by targeting the ampR...Yang S (2015) Multigene Editing in the Escherichia coli Genome via the CRISPR-Cas9 System. Appl Environ ...

...and E. coli codon preference. Some codons commonly used in humans are not at all common in E. coli and vice...Rosetta E. coli strains express a variety of tRNAs that are normally found at low abundance in E. coli. The ... example, during high growth rate conditions, E. coli preferentially upregulates production of tRNAs that...efficiency is well correlated with codon bias in both E. coli and S. cerevisiae. Protein folding - If a protein...genome, for instance, it may not express at all in E. coli (you can find a variety of databases showing various...dependence of transfer RNA abundance in Escherichia coli." The EMBO journal 9.13 (1990): 4359-4366. PubMed...full‐length human proteins expressed in Escherichia coli." Protein Science 19.7 (2010): 1312-1326. PubMed...

...experiments. Pick the right strain While common E. coli strains like DH5-alpha are recA-, some strains have...Recombinase-deficient strains like Stbl2, Stbl3, and NEB stable E. coli reduce the rate of recombination in samples. For...gene mutations in our Plasmids 101: Common Lab E. coli Strains blog post. Check yourself before you recA...round tan colonies that look similar to normal E. coli cultures contain the recombined vector backbone....instability-prone lentiviral vector plasmid in Escherichia coli Stbl3. 3 Biotech 3:61–70. https://doi.org/10.1007...expression vectors using reduced-genomeEscherichia coli. BioTechniques 43:466–470. https://doi.org/10.2144...strategy for efficient genome editing in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934...

... E. coli genome as a negative control. Read the paper in Nature Communications Find the E. coli genome-wide...new CRISPR tools for your research! This time: E. coli genome-wide CRISPR inhibition Covalent tethering...Nme2Cas9 CRISPR interference in Candida albicans E. coli genome-wide inhibition library To expand the tools...tools available for genome-wide studies in E. coli, the Chong Zhang lab developed a genome-scale CRISPR...pooled library (~60,000 gRNAs) that targets ~4,000 E. coli genes with ~15 gRNAs per gene and includes ~10,000...

...strains of E. coli for DNA propagation. While great for cloning purposes, these E. coli strains are not...Systems Table 1: E. coli expression strains  Note: All strains are derived from the E. coli B strain, except...arise when over-expressing a foreign protein in E. coli. We will review the potential pitfalls of recombinant...recombinant proteins are typically expressed in E. coli engineered to accomodate high protein loads using...additional tRNAs for rare codons not normally used in E. coli. Expression vector cannot have p15A origin of replication...*, ** Kanamycin (pREP4) Cis-repression of the E. coli T5 promoter (found on vectors such as pQE or similar... e. coli strains...

...ssDNA oligos to avoid MMR: 1) E. coli with inactivated MMR: Using E. coli with inactive MMR is definitely... allows for direct modification of DNA within E. coli and is independent of restriction sites. The lambda...tags. It also has the flexibility to modify the E. coli chromosome, plasmid DNA or BAC DNA.  To use the...substrate (either dsDNA or ssDNA – see below) into E. coli expressing the lambda red enzymes. These enzymes...from digesting linear DNA introduced into the E. coli. Exo: Exo is a 5’→3’ dsDNA-dependent exonuclease...with integrated defective prophage A number of E. coli strains exist that stably express lambda red recombineering...strain is DY380, which is derived from the DH10B E. coli strain. Several other bacterial strains commonly...

... gene, located on the F sex factor plasmid of E. coli, is part of a toxin-antitoxin system encoded by ...contained the ccdB gene in frame with an MCS. E. coli that were transformed with the empty vectors expressed...investigator’s gene of interest.   CcdB resistant E. coli strains complete the system But ccdB alone isn’t...expressing it? The answer lies in special strains of E. coli that tolerate the expression of the toxin gene. ...will be present. Most common cloning strains of E. coli do not contain the F plasmid (and are considered...plasmids. Check out our blog post on Common Lab E. coli strains for more strain info. Additional cloning...on the Addgene Blog Plasmids 101: Common Lab E. coli Strains Plasmids 101: TOPO Cloning Plasmids 101:...

... making it easier than ever to use CRISPR  in E. coli and other bacterial species. Read on to learn about...the first synthetic bacterial CRISPR system in E. coli. The system available from Addgene consists of two...the gene of interest and kanamycin resistance E. coli carrying the phage recombineering machinery are ...’t the primary editing force. In contrast, in E. coli, CRISPR is primarily a means of selection that targets...protocol that requires only 2-3 hours incubation. E. coli and T. citrea scarless editing plasmids Sheng Yang...cured from the bacteria. Although developed in E. coli, the system was used successfully in Tatumella citrea... pEcCas/pEcgRNA, allows it to be used in more E. coli strains including the popular BL21(DE3) (Li et al...

...and E. coli. Like plasmids used in other systems, binary vectors are cloned and prepped in E. coli. However...as well as plasmid yield during preparation in E. coli. Addgene depositor Indu Maiti has created a new ...contain two origins of replication, one each for E. coli and Agrobacterium, along with a selectable marker...T-DNA borders to 25 bases each. By switching the E. coli origin of replication and codon-optimizing the Agrobacterium...

...suboptimal ones, which could allow even your regular E. coli to thrive in the bitter cold.  Since our objective...would be a transformed mesophilic, for example E. coli, carrying a plasmid expressing a protein of interest...consider them worth the trouble.  Enter ELSA: E. coli Learning Suboptimal Acclimatisation To resolve this...psychrophilic proteins. As the figure below shows, E. coli expressing the chaperones protein resulted in higher...higher levels of growth compared to the E. coli strain expressing the empty vector. And thus was born ...born ELSA - our happy lil’ cold-tolerant E. coli! Additionally, we’re also working towards widening the applicability...

...DNA fragments in E. coli Now that random DNA fragments have been cloned into E. coli cells, isolated colonies...fragments so that these fragments can be cloned into E. coli and subsequent proteins screened for cell-binding...vector designed for protein overexpression in E. coli, such as pET30a. If working with DNA that is refractory...resultant plasmid libraries into chemically competent E. coli and analyze transformants for appropriately sized...colonies. Transform the resultant plasmid DNA into E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells (these have the T7 polymerase and...membranes for 15 min to kill any remaining live E. coli. At this point, it can really help to incubate the...conditions. Note: if using fast-growing bacteria like E. coli or Salmonella, or any cells that bind strongly to...

...The E. coli strain Most E. coli strains can be used to propagate plasmids, but endA- E. coli are best...started: Will the plasmid be used exclusively in E. coli? Gram negative bacteria in general? Both Gram negatives...-unnatural amino acid mutagenesis in Escherichia coli. Biochemistry. 2013 Mar 12;52(10):1828-37. doi: ...

...dcm– strain of E. coli such as JM110 and re-purifying it. These specialized E. coli strains have been ...enzymes can effectively cleave DNA. Common lab E. coli K12 strains such as DH5alpha contain 3 methylases...the other hand, should be derived from a dam+ E. coli strain and will therefore have methylated adenines...Discovery of DpnI Review describing dam-/dcm- E. coli Resources on the Addgene Blog Keep up with the...

...expressing E. coli aided in ultrasound imaging of the mouse gastrointestinal tract. The E. coli strain Nissle...created two constructs optimized for expression in E. coli: acoustic gene 1 (arg1) and acoustic gene 2 (arg2...20 hours of growth following acoustic collapse E. coli re-express arg1 gas vesicles and restore their ultrasound...

...decided to add a bit of fun. He mixed together 10 E. coli strains producing different pigments, and tasked...ambient light. Expressing these chromoproteins in E. coli would make it easy to distinguish colonies from ...students transform them into different strains of E. coli,” says Westenberg. During the transformation experiment...