.... I spoke with Dr. Mike Koeris, co-founder and current VP of Business Development & Operations of Sample6...roles and skills necessary to be a succesful entrepreneur? As a co-founder of a biotech startup, Mike ...its pitch the best, wins. He explained that entrepreneurs must clearly communicate their idea at various...be reproducible by someone else. Second, "an entrepreneur must be OK with the constant fear of failure...are only successful if they are 100X better than current technology and get customers to change behavior...

...Goldschmidt conference, Coastal & Estuarine Research Federation (CERF) Biennial Conference, Gordon Research...Science’s (SACNAS) annual conference all foster mentorship in different but successful ways. Scientific ...Binning Singletons. The sheer scale of a large conference can be intimidating. And it can be exacerbated...other and what to do.  Saved by the Tweet - The conference hashtag I had, however, started a Twitter account...at an institution where training opportunities weren’t always available. Even more valuable, however, ...like anyone at a meeting who felt isolated at a conference for any reason was a Singleton. Figure ... gene transfer, which occurs when bacteria of different evolutionary lineages share genes that can improve...

...proliferates and is redifferentiated to a different cell type. Transdifferentiation In this process, differentiated...reversal of a differentiated cell type to an undifferentiated state and then redifferentiation into the cell...variety of plasmids for differentiation here. Transdifferentiation Dedifferentiation to an intermediate pluripotent...ability to convert a differentiated cell to a different cell type. While transdifferentiation is suited for ... are converted to cells of a different lineage, without dedifferentiating into a pluripotent stage. Cellular...pluripotent state. Redifferentiation - Conversion of the pluripotent cells into differentiated cells of choice...control the cell fate of iPSCs and differentiate them into different cell lineages [13]. Over the last ...

...supporting in-person conference attendance, the award now supports virtual conference attendance. We also...Michael Davidson and Roger Tsien Commemorative Conference Awards. Congratulations to the five winners! ...awards help early career researchers attend a conference of their choice while honoring the late Michael...faster and more sensitive than its predecessors. Currently, Aggarwal, and colleagues Filip Tomaska and Tim...CR neurons of the spinal cord. Created with BioRender.com. Image from Haoyi Qiu.   He Tian: Directed...had improved performance in live mouse brains. Currently, she is using the improved voltage indicator coming...

...Their ability to self-renew or replicate while maintaining the undifferentiated “stem” state and, Their...to self-renew is greatly diminished. Embryonic and adult stem cells can be used for different research...contributed by Kusumika (Kushi) Mukherjee, editor of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, a Cell Press reviews...special types of cells that can develop or “differentiate” into more specialized cells with specific functions...function adequately [1]. Stem cells’ ability to differentiate into multiple cell types makes them useful models...Their potency or capability to differentiate into specialized cell types [2]. We general speak of 4 levels... cell has the ability to produce all of the differentiated cells in an organism, including the embryonic...

...comes the need for new conference room names. The Addgenie’s favorite conference room naming scheme? Gene...largest conference room at Addgene is named Sonic Hedgehog but this is not a direct reference to the video...community. Not surprising, this is where most of our conference room names originated from. Let’s take a look...Groucho, a transcriptional co-repressor The first conference room, that is actually used as a break room for...diffuses down a concentration gradient exerting a different effect on the developing embryo depending on its...required for spermatogenesis One of our smaller conference rooms is named Cookie Monster. cookie monster... bagpipe, two genes important for mesoderm differentiation Now, let's turn tinman and bagpipe, two genes...

...788679 Lin R, Wang R, Yuan J, Feng Q, Zhou Y, Zeng S, Ren M, Jiang S, Ni H, Zhou C, Gong H, Luo M (2018) Cell-type-specific...in decreased efficiency of recombination and preferentially leads to gene constructs where the stop cassette...likely generalizable to other systems as well. References: del Valle Rodríguez A, Didiano D, Desplan C...plasmids at Addgene Read our Molecular Biology Reference ...

...10.1128/jvi.02012-06 Ou X, Liu Y, Lei X, Li P, Mi D, Ren L, Guo L, Guo R, Chen T, Hu J, Xiang Z, Mu Z, Chen... investigate the susceptibility of cells from different organisms to SARS-CoV-2 (Chu et al., 2020). An... of the scientific research infrastructure. References Chu H, Chan JF-W, Yuen TT-T, Shuai H, Yuan S,...(2006) Is there an ideal animal model for SARS? Trends in Microbiology 14:299–303 . https://doi.org/10.1016...

...10535 (2018). 1 10.1074/jbc.TM118.000372 Yang, H., Ren, S., Yu, S., Pan, H., et al. Methods favoring homology-directed...park. Happy editing!   Resources and References References Yu, Y., Guo, Y., Tian, Qigi, Lan, Y., et...overhangs at the break site – an early HR step (Moreno-Mateos, et al., Nat Com). Another method used ...the break, potentially shuttling repair down a different pathway (Charpentier et al., Nat Com).   ...Cas9 delivery. eLIFE. (2014) 10.7554/eLife.04766 Moreno-Mateos, M. A., Fernandez, J. P., Rouet, R., Vejnar...

...-023-02050-w Yi, Z., Zhang, X., Wei, X., Li, J., Ren, J., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Tang, H., Chang, X., Yu...) enzymes. Various other proteins included in different CGBE tools allow the researcher to direct the ...component of the nucleoside inosine. Created with BioRender.com. Inosine excision leads to the first adenine...a translesion synthesis polymerase known to preferentially incorporate A bases across from abasic sites...indicate natural cellular processes. Created with BioRender.com. The first deaminase-free base editor allows... Figure 3: Mechanism of gGBE. Created with BioRender.com. Base excision editing extends to thymine...recognize thymine (T) or cytosine (C). Several different teams succeeded with this approach around the ...

...melting profiles (Dwight, 2011).  Reference Genes  Choosing a set of reference genes deserves more attention...attention than it usually receives. Different reference genes have shown to have as much as sixfold variation...of Connect Four! Image created in BioRender.   Passive Reference Dyes Whatever your pipetting method...occur. A passive reference dye, such as ROX, can help normalize for that. Passive reference dyes are inert...Liu and Saint No Raw Data Reference and target genes can have different efficacies DART-PCR No ...will soon become a qPCR master. References and Resources  References Biassoni R; Raso A. (eds.), Quantitative...mRNA, which can be used as a proxy measure for differences in protein expression. (If you're just getting...

...heterogeneous population, cells behaving differently (e.g. different growth properties, migration abilities...targeting all differentially expressed genes that are known drug targets, or all differentially expressed ... by choosing which “Reference Library” you’d like to use in your screen. Currently, eleven published libraries...best gRNAs by the depositing lab. The different labs use different algorithms to calculate which would ...favorite Reference Library, for example related to strategies beyond SpCas9, or species not currently included...were not found in the reference library. It’s not uncommon that genes have different names, and the software...generation sequencing to identify which gRNAs are differentially expressed in the separate groups and, as a ...

...For CD365, they examined two different antibody clones produced by different vendors. The specific epitope... panels, where different manufacturers may have the same clone available with different conjugates. Summary...commercial antibody manufacturers. References and resources References Ayoubi, R., Ryan, J., Biddle, M. ...include a discussion of the Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens (HCDM) workshop approach, which focuses...one size fits all. The approaches used will be different depending on the sample and target type. To start...an approach that prioritizes more reproducible/renewable reagents, such as recombinant or hybridoma-derived...(e.g. DepMap) – you’ll need to ensure that the parental cell lines of your chosen KO line are likely to...

...most organisms on Earth, but different organisms have different preferences for the codons they use to ...have different codon usage biases? The reasons for varied codon preferences among organisms aren’t completely...poorly charged tRNAs, different regions of the protein may be translated at different rates. The ribosome...Organisms often need to express genes at different levels under different conditions. With varied codon usage...constraints have molded which codons are used preferentially in which organisms - organisms have codon usage...your organism of choice. Unfortunately, codon preferences make it so you cannot choose among the possible... evolutionary constraints that lead to these preferences and what can we do about them? Read on to find...

... directed differentiation To understand how each human TF can contribute to differentiation, the Zhang... scientist at [email protected]! References and Resources  References Joung J. et al., A transcription...patterns determine everything from stem cell differentiation fate to tumor suppression (and most everything...construct. Cells were cultured following a differentiation protocol before performing single-cell RNA ...embryonic stem cells. Transduced stem cells were differentiated and single cell RNA-seq was performed to map...    This atlas linked TF expression to differentiation outcomes as well as global transcriptional ...program changes from this screen successfully differentiated cells resembling all three germ layers (ectoderm...

...reflect massive differences in protein abundance. Validating the assumptions for different loading controls...detection range be linear! Resources and References References Aldridge, G. M., Podrebarac, D. M., Greenough... that lanes are loaded evenly. Created with BioRender.com. Loading controls are even more important...entire blot. So how can you accurately compare different lanes? In relative quantification, the POI bands... the two conditions are equal. Created with BioRender.com. This kind of normalization is a nearly ...with separate controls (green). Created with BioRender.com. Researchers often rely on assumptions that...normalize your results, you are assuming that all differences in the loading control are due to loading and...

...organism. Output diversity: Different tools provide results to the user in different formats. This can have...the piñata beating party goers are altogether different. They are filled with blind anticipation. Their...spill to the ground. There is something akin to a frenzy as the crowd tries to weigh and determine the value...response; and, it is the stage I think we are currently at in the CRISPR software space. The CRISPR research...year.   Breaking down the barriers: My view on current sgRNA design tools The goal of this post is to ... sgRNA and represents the lion’s share of the currently available tools (we will focus on these tools ...required to fully evaluate off-targeting, but currently no software has been designed for this purpose...

... with biorender.com.   Of course, this is quite easy to do on a plot generated in Biorender! While...with that…and happy flowing!    References and resources  References Alyamani, A., Kalamegam, G., Ahmed...read from Marker A and Marker B. Created with biorender.com.   The goal of flow cytometry is to use ...usually tell where this point is by looking at the different populations. In the case of Figure 2, one population...and one population that is B-. Created with biorender.com.   If it’s hard to conceptualize where the...   Figure 3: It's often easier to identify different populations by imagining (or drawing) a quadrant...population and everything outside the gate is a different population.  Gating and plot orders  As the gates...

...utilized mice to study how different mutations in leukemia impact different treatment regimens (Zuber ...β-cells that originate in different regions of the pancreas and produce different levels of insulin (Hesselson...1970s when Sydney Brenner brought it into the lab to study neuronal development (Brenner, 1973). C. elegans... developed for emerging model organisms! References Brenner, Sydney. "The genetics of Caenorhabditis ...injecting mice with retroviral vectors that harbored different mutations found in leukemia, the Lowe lab was ...development studies as their embryos are completely transparent. Thus scientists can easily observe early developmental...can be difficult in other vertebrate species. Transparency also allows scientists to easily observe fluorescently...

...research program (think a subtle difference in mouse chow, a different water filtration system, environmental...were doing something differently. Communication comes in many forms—from transparency about data to allow...make for a transparent and collaborative research environment. Journals as enforcers Currently, most of ...original paper that everyone in your lab has been referencing for the last 10 years, and everything will be...original researchers actually did. Admittedly, the differences are often very subtle, and it can take a lot ...of the burden for pushing for more transparency in science communication falls on the shoulders of journals...developed STAR Methods to improve the structure and transparency of methods sections, including clear information...