...EthoVision. Consult the literature to find all the applications of optogenetics relevant to your field. Ultimately...Inhibition of neuronal activation is a little more complicated since basal neuronal activity in your brain region...technology is improving and may one day reach the sophistication of mouse transgenics. Everything that has been... and memory in opioid addiction and science communication/science writing. Derek is also a pianist and...rat lines: tools, techniques, and optogenetic application to dopamine-mediated reinforcement." Neuron 72.5...sensitivity optical neural silencer: development and application to optogenetic control of non-human primate cortex...

...positively charged polycation, polybrene. Interestingly, one study found that alternative polycations such as DEAE-dextran... freshly collected lentivirus for downstream applications. While this ensures that the highest titer virus...lentivirus may want to consider testing a variety of cation and serum sources to ensure the best possible transduction...establishes the best conditions for specific applications, stick with them! Changes in such variables ...efficiency of lentiviral vectors: effect of sera and polycations.” Molecular Biotechnology 53.3 (2013). 308-14...

...a protein’s stability or post-translational modifications, or study how a target protein interacts with...Protein A and Protein G are not suitable for all applications, such as protein isolation from serum. In this...capture antibody interaction and/or the downstream application. Typically, if the target protein will be detected...and an isotype control antibody. Alternative applications Oftentimes, an IP-appropriate antibody simply...identify DNA binding proteins involved in histone modification. Similarly, RNA IP (RIP) can be used to isolate...resources References:  Björck L, Kronvall G (1984) Purification and some properties of streptococcal protein...

... Aptamer biosensors are used in a variety of applications, including detection of environmental pollutants... opens aptamers for use in many entirely new applications including aptamer based fluorescent biosensors... render this approach less sensitive in most applications. Learn About Fluorescent Biosensors Light-up..., MG proved to be too toxic for many in vivo applications, but this work proved the concept that RNA could...and biochips. Ultimately, there are just some applications that lend themselves to aptamer-based instead...Kyung-Mi, et al. “Aptamers and Their Biological Applications.” Sensors (Basel). 2012; 12(1): 612–631. PubMed...

...advice on how to dive into new forms of science communication. Click here to listen to the interview with ... from Addgene.      Check out more science education tools like Verse Two and Fill in the Planck at...with us. Tom McFadden is a YouTuber and science educator looking for creative ways to implement the next...next generation science standards and communicate science. Learn more about Tom on his youtube channel ...Community Check out All of Our Podcasts Find Great Educational Content in our Plasmids 101 Series Additional...

...variety of species, cell types, and research applications. Labeling neurons with Brainbow The Lichtman... Brainbow 3.1 and 3.2 (described in the same publication) are unique because by default, they are not ...not fluorescent. Instead, they incorporate a truncated, non-fluorescent form of YFP as the default state...recombination can be detected by immunostaining of the truncated YFP. In Thy1-Brainbow mice, some neurons expressed...level of these XFP is not strong enough for all applications. To resolve this, similar systems have been ...transgene in an adult fly. As a stop cassette is located directly upstream of the fluorescent protein genes...

...priorities in most cases include IP protection, publications and funding. If any of these three pillars crashes...budgets, “a large percentage of survey respondents indicated that cost was a significant barrier to ELN adoption...to digital for example): “… 99% of respondents indicated that ease of use would influence their ELN choice...that their research ‘doesn’t fit neatly into one category;”. The study also showed that It is important ...to keep all their data in one place and avoid scattering intellectual property across various software...collaborative functionalities include comments, notifications, sharing files, assigning team members to certain...

...studying genetic modification for their ease of manipulation and their ability to be replicated. Because E...., 2004). Additionally, breakthroughs in gene modification tools and methods such as CRISPR have vastly...Escherichia coli as a Model Organism and Its Application in Biotechnology. In Escherichia coli - Recent...Physiology, Pathogenesis and Biotechnological Applications. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/67306 Koornneef... bacteria with superior performance. Nature Communications, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04899...

...that the oversized AAV genomes are fragmented or truncated when packaged and then following transduction,...and may need to be optimized for each unique application (Trapani et al., 2015).  Expression of smaller...transgene to help prevent the accumulation of such truncated proteins. Examples of use:  Ghosh et al., 2008...design, donor A may be capable of expressing a truncated protein. This can be avoided by excluding a stop...JS (2011) Gene Therapy of mdx Mice With Large Truncated Dystrophins Generated by Recombination Using rAAV6...Improved dual AAV vectors with reduced expression of truncated proteins are safe and effective in the retina ...

...comparison to a control sample. Southern blotting applications range from confirming the results of cloning...interest by recording DNA abundance throughout the amplification process, rather than just at the end as in standard...experiments allowed researchers to identify the location of genes. With this knowledge, researchers were...was added and when. Compiling the identity and location of a given nucleotide, a researcher (or a simple...sequence thousands of reads at the same time. Other applications of sequencing, such as confirming the results...replaced these, these techniques still have useful applications and have informed many current techniques. For...

...and easily navigate to educational resources, tools, collections in our catalog, and the Addgene Help ...search bar. And if you’re in the mood to browse our catalog, you can use the links under the search box to ...scrolling up and down the page.  Figure 3: The Education & Tools menu Further down What happens if you ... mission, links to our deposit, request, and educational resources page, and previews for our three most...

...speak for you (and you for them) Communication Being able to communicate effectively is part of what makes...you can. The colleagues you help will be future advocates and references. Collaborate with another lab,...productive. Take all the opportunities you can to be communicating about science with others. If opportunities ... (be on a speaker committee) Follow industry publications like FierceBiotech to “learn the business” Attend...

...results, modifications, and inventions created by the Recipient Right to file patent applications on modifications... about intellectual property rights, pending publications, and commercial use often come up. An MTA can...trials Acknowledgement in recipient’s future publications relating to the material Limited liability...

...channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), a blue light-activated cation channel, from the archaebacteria Chlamydomonas ...stimulation. GPCR signaling GPCR signaling is a complicated process involving many downstream signaling mechanisms...break your experiments!  First, closely read the publication, including the supplemental data. You’re most... both of which have extensive collections of publications and information on hardware, optogenetics tools...2003). Channelrhodopsin-2, a directly light-gated cation-selective membrane channel. Proceedings of the ...bidirectional dual-color control of neurons. Nature Communications, 12(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467...

...site, or when using chemogenetic tools, where modification of cellular activity outside of your experiment.... A. (2023). Various AAV Serotypes and Their Applications in Gene Therapy: An Overview. Cells, 12(5), ...comparative analysis of constitutive promoters located in adeno-associated viral vectors. PLoS ONE, 9(...Approaches and Further Perspectives of AAV Tropism Modification. Pharmaceutics, 13(5), 750. https://doi.org/...Retrograde Serotype Viral Vectors 101: Viral Applications...

...honestly evaluate your own style of work and communication before making this important decision. I’ll ...Prepare by going sleuthing on the lab website, publication records, LinkedIn, ResearchGate or Twitter. Be...the appropriate first authorship position on a publication of her project and made another lab member first...– including failure to acknowledge good work, allocation of meaningless tasks, removal of responsibility...connections such as serving on Boards? Does the publication record show evidence of industry collaboration...skills guide Learn about careers in science communication Read posts on mentoring for scientists Resources...

... wanted to inactivate the gene BRAF (a kinase implicated in several human cancers) in A549 cells (a human...need to use FACS (like they did in the original publication). I thought I could see GFP expression with a...expression, but I didn’t. 2. In the original publication they see GFP expression in about 20% of their...an MOI of 0.3, as recommended by the original publication. Pro-Tip: 1. Use multiple gRNAs to target different... by gel electrophoresis, these mismatches are indicated by the presence of DNA cleavage products. The ...The appearance of the 428 bp band indicates edits in the BRAF gene in the BRAF-gRNA transduced cells, and...

...piggyBac™ technology can be used for numerous applications, including transgenesis, gene-trap screens, ...of the piggyBac™  transposase/transposon gene modification system and the scarless, Footprint-Free™ removal...technology that may be used for a variety of research applications, including making transgenic cell lines and ...PMCID: PMC2567143. 6. S. Radecke, F. Radecke, T. Cathomen, and K. Schwarz, “Zinc-finger nuclease-induced...oligodeoxynucleotides: wanted and unwanted target locus modifications.,” Mol. Ther., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 743–53, Apr...Addgene.org Find Vectors with the piggyBac™ Transposon Catch up on Everything CRISPR with Our CRISPR Guide Deposit...

...Since the first research applications of GFP were published in the 1990s, biologists have spent a lot...color was observed after excitation at 488 nm, indicating that spontaneous conversion did not occur. Tobacco... Sattarzadeh et al., Sci Rep. 2015 CC BY 4.0 Applications and limitations of GFP photoconversion One concern...2):131-3.  PubMed. Find plasmids from this publication at Addgene. Subach OM, Patterson GH, Ting LM...nmeth.1664. PubMed. Find plasmids from this publication at Addgene.   Addgene’s Fluorescent Protein...

...with the gRNA), application, cas9 species, PubMed ID, and depositor. The CRISPR applications we currently...shown to work in CRISPR experiments. Addgene’s dedication to resource sharing has led us to develop a searchable...The efficacy of gRNAs is impacted by the target location, target sequence, and model system. Even if a ...and final experimental outcome in the original publication. As you develop and confirm new gRNAs, please...