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...functions. It’s an important process that we need to understand so that we could possibly develop pharmaceutical...in women with TS. “The goal of our study is to understand why women with TS develop bicuspid aortic valve...regulate ion channels in the brain.  “I have a long standing interest in the biology of GPCRs and G proteins...nucleus,” says Dr. Terry Hébert, a professor and assistant dean of biomedical science education at McGill...to “expand our knowledge of GNB1 disorder by understanding affected signaling pathways and how they lead...

...been assigned an exciting new project aimed at understanding how a critical cellular pathway is regulated...application. Take immunohistochemistry (IHC), for instance. While an antibody may be validated for IHC, not... its target and consequently the quality of the stain. Choose the antibody that was successfully used ...independent antibody strategies that compare the staining patterns of multiple antibodies against the same...express a tagged version of the antigen and compare staining of the antibody to that of the anti-tag antibody...

...Addgene!  Addgene was established as an e-commerce company, which helped it stay ahead of the curve as...scientists. She, Kenneth Fan, and Benjie Chen decided to start an open science nonprofit that would facilitate ...transformed this process by aligning institutions with standardized agreements and electronic signatures to dramatically...Excellence Award for our electronic MTA system. We also started our blog and YouTube channel in 2013, which continue...

...steps you can take to verify your own plasmids. Staying organized With hundreds of samples coming through...the first step to ensuring plasmid quality is to stay organized. Here at Addgene, we collect data on every...inserted gene/functional mutations, antibiotic resistance, restriction sites used during cloning, and most... cloning sites. In the simplest case we have a standard backbone with one insert, and can use common primers...easier by selecting the right primer. This often starts by determining what features you expect to differ...

... at any edit distance. It won’t, however, compute any score other than the edit distance. Added functionality...each item changes from what the reviewers so painstakingly assessed to something a bit more representative... time to assess public response; and, it is the stage I think we are currently at in the CRISPR software...formatted output. Surprisingly only 2 tools provide FASTA output. A few notable tools allow the user to save...target sites, off-target sites, scores and the statistics that go into calculating them. For this, some...

...supernatant is collected, filtered, and titered. A major obstacle in obtaining usable lentivirus is producing a ...concentrations will need to be optimized prior to starting. We recommend calculating the ratio of the surface... adjustments, this is generally a good place to start. If you don’t anticipate that you will need large... will take longer and may increase the risk of mistakes or contamination. Finally, choice of concentration...possible. While this information provides a great starting point, it may not translate to the target cell...

...Drosophilia Plasmid pRDB_052 (for stable fly cell lines; Hygromycin resistance gene; for genome integration... can be inserted instead, allowing everything to stay in the correct order. Most Fragmid components are...All destination vectors contain an ampicillin resistance cassette and an origin of replication, which ...ampR) Drosophilia Plasmid pRDB_051 (for stable fly cell lines; attL and attR sequences for genome...

...attention, practice, and honing of your skills from the start. Just like with any sport, hours of practice are...insight into an area - not just working within the established network of your peers. Furthermore, using new...excellence of the institution). Likewise, if you’re staying in the same lab where you have been working for... years, you need to be very clear that you are staying because it is the best place in the world for your... Strategize, choose calls that suit your career stage / research area, and focus on producing a good quality...

...plasmids into bacterial strains, like NEB Stable. NEB Stable competent cells lack RecA, a protein that...with this AAV lysis buffer and freeze/thaw the lystate four times in a 95% ethanol and dry ice bath to... samples are quantified by comparing to an AAV standard curve, which is generated from an ITR-containing...sterile technique when handling your AAV plasmid standard and AAV transfer plasmids. It’s easy to contaminate...

...everyday What I didn’t realize was how much I was constantly negotiating, every day. As a grad student, I ... Asking questions like the below can help you understand the perspective of all persons involved and be...view the “winner” positively if they tried to understand my position and to find a creative win-win solution...I’m looking forward to. How can I negotiate my starting date with the company so they know I’m excited...respecting cultural differences is a crucial part of understanding what is important to people so that you can ...

...knowledge about functionality can be gained by understanding the location and transport of the protein within...localization and transport between healthy and diseased states can also provide interesting insights into disease...analysis software produces quantifiable results and statistics that can be used to compare between different...fluorescent signal) and photobleaching i.e. FP stability. One should also be aware of additional problems...of cellular complexes are important steps in understanding the function of your protein of interest in ...

...drug screens to identify genes that confer drug-resistance. Mutant cells are treated with a drug of interest...and gRNA distribution is analyzed in the drug-resistant population compared to a non-treated control group...enriched” correspond to genes that confer drug resistance when mutated. Findings from this type of experiment...shed light on the mechanism by which cells gain resistance to drugs and can identify future therapeutic ...population requires a massive amount of cells as starting material. Therefore, cell types that are of low...

...reducing the time it takes to image through a large z-stack (8).  One limitation of LSFMs using single side ...illumination, especially with large tissue, is that any obstacles (e.g. air bubbles or high concentration of fluorophores...neuronal labeling methods will greatly aid our understanding of the structure-function relationship of the...Jae Lee and Pantelis Tsoulfas. Jae K. Lee is an assistant Professor at the University of Miami Miller School...Cytochemistry, 59, 129-138. Pubmed. J. Huisken, and D.Y.R. Stainier. (2009). Development, 136, 1963–1975. Pubmed. ...

...author and do not represent a formal stance taken by Addgene or its staff. Additional information about gene...ecological effects. Because the consequences of such a mistake would necessarily extend far beyond the laboratory...robust to human error. Used in combination with standard barrier protocols, they can reduce the risk of...vulnerable to human error. And with gene drives, one mistake can be enough. Reversal drives are designed to ...

...expression, is it necessary to add a G nucleotide to the start of my target sequence? A3: The human U6 promoter...promoter prefers a 'G' at the transcription start site to have high expression, so adding this G could help ...when they order the oligo. If your spacer sequence starts with a 'G', you naturally have one and do not need...away from the double strand break site. Longer distances will also work but the efficiency will be lower...that mutation be selected/screened? A13: Before starting your experiment, consider co-transfecting with... cells (for example, plasmid with a puromycin resistance cassette, such as PX459). After you co-transfect...

...find a stably folded ortholog that cleaved RNA robustly, unlike LwaCas13a, which must be stabilized by monomeric...their quest to build a robust RNA editor, the lab started with the Cas13 scaffold, testing a whopping 21 ...precise than shRNA knockdown, it still displays substantial off-target activity. By mutating residues in ...that interact with duplex RNA, they hoped to destabilize ADAR-RNA binding to decrease off-targets. Of ...

... efficiency to read more about optimizing this distance. Homology arms and types of donors To make sure...cells are actively cycling through the cell cycle stages. If cells are overly confluent or don’t have sufficient...responsible for the transition out of S phase, so cells stay in an HDR-promoted cycle longer. This approach may... edits of small insertions and deletions.   Start your knock-in experiment today! Get ready to identify...18): 6461 (2020). 10.3390/ijms21186461 Lin, S., Staahl, B. T., Alla, R. K., Doudna, J. A. Enhanced homology-directed...

...protein standard. The density of the antibody bands can be measured against the protein standard and the...concentration may also be measured through a protein stain, such as Coomassie blue. Though more time-consuming...are separated by size on an SDS-PAGE gel. Once stained, the heavy and light chains become visible alongside...PMC2143013. Maity H, Wei A, Chen E, Haidar JN, Srivastava A, Goldstein J. Comparison of predicted extinction...

... Albert Einstein might have put it best when he stated, “the value of an education . . . is not the learning...Provost, then a new faculty member at Minnesota State (and now Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry... enzyme he studied during graduate school. As a stable, easily purified protein with easily measured activity...Professor and Chair of the Biology Department at Keene State College in New Hampshire. He mentors undergraduates...Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States. Free Press. New York. Resources MDH CUREs Community...

... could infect non-dividing cells, but without sustained transgene expression. To design a viral vector...Lentiviral vectors are also commonly used to make stable transgene-expressing or knockout cell lines. Many...research is still in the pre-clinical/early clinical stages. Researchers are also working to make lentiviral... nearby genes. These safer vectors have become standard in gene therapy. Researchers have also developed...below! References 1. In vivo gene delivery and stable transduction of nondividing cells by a lentiviral...