...bacterial host cell is almost always the answer. E. coli is definitely one of the most popular hosts for protein... that make up the primary structure of proteins. Most proteins are then modified via an array of post-...post-translation modifications for proper protein function. Most DNA constructs designed for mammalian expression...used for protein expression, S. cerevisiae, is the most reliable and frequently used species due to its ...

...capable of spreading through wild populations. Whereas most genomic changes impose a fitness cost and are eliminated...heterozygotes, the endonuclease cuts the wild-type chromosome and its own gene is used as a repair template...experiments attempting to build gene drives in tropical mosquito vectors of diseases such as malaria and dengue...don't have resident populations of the relevant mosquito species. Reproductive confinement involves working...Control of Insect Populations: I. Cage Studies of Chromosome Replacement by Compound Autosomes in Drosophila...

...plant research here and validating them, it made the most sense to us to enable other people to do that too...expression in plant cells. Sylvester and I chose the 96 most useful things for day-to-day life in a plant lab...will work in any dicot, but they were developed mostly with model plants in mind, Arabidopsis and Nicotiana...with MoClo? Patron: The parts will be familiar to most plant scientists. It’s really a matter of choosing.... It’s also a great communication tool for work. Most Sainsbury scientists are active on Twitter. Sometimes...

...over time that the most successful computer languages are free to use. Of the 15 most popular computer ... operators are so useful they are implemented in most materials that have been engineered. For example...it's free to use and that tends to be true about most successful human-to-human languages. Who owns computer-programming...bioeconomy it's less clear, but the way I'd leave it is mostly to the imagination. The question is: what can you...

...for 10 years. In that time, scientists have used almost all available approaches for generating iPSCs. ...cut and paste” mechanism between a vector and chromosomal DNA. PB has a cloning capacity of ~9-14 kb. This...assists in tethering the vector to the cell’s chromosomes. With the addition of a selectable marker, this...EBNA1 plasmid to be maintained as a stable extrachromosomal piece of DNA. Reprogramming efficiency is ...three germ layers. Choosing a reprogramming method Most iPSC research falls into two categories: 1) studies...PMCID: 5072705. 2. Sommer, Cesar A., and Gustavo Mostoslavsky. "The evolving field of induced pluripotency...

...they lead Zimmer to one of his most critical observations: “Today the most successful scientists have outgoing...is arguably the most subjective chapter of the book, but that’s unlikely to be foremost in readers’ minds...memory lane for me. A brief window in time “The most obvious future consequence of the undermining of...

...plasmid-based expression of Cas9/gRNA and can be used for most of the current genome engineering applications of...be amenable to plasmid based methods. One of the most common techniques for delivery of RNPs is electroporation...up to the researcher to determine which method is most appropriate for a given experiment. Considerations...that may arise when using plasmid based systems, most notably the ability to perform CRISPR studies in...PMC5253684. 5. Harrington, Lucas B., et al. "A thermostable Cas9 with increased lifetime in human plasma...

...these vectors. Read on to find the answers to our most frequently asked lentiviral questions. This useful...Second-generation vectors are likely sufficient for most experiments; however, the 3rd-generation packaging...answer the questions those of us at Addgene get asked most often: Q1: Are retroviruses and lentiviruses the...plasmids replication competent? What is SIN? A6: Most (if not all) Addgene transfer plasmids are replication-deficient...ClonTracr Library Resources on Addgene.org Addgene's most popular lentiviral plasmids Overview of Lentiviral...

...personal 10 commandments for making it all work – most of the time. #1 Thou shalt find enjoyment in your... to 6 and 8 to 10 or whatever works for you, but most days go home at the same time. Use time management...to save a step! There is more than one way to do most tasks – try to resist the impulse to control by ...also have fun I’m really busy, but I go to the gym almost every morning. Of course, this is more than just...Building your plan to live a good life may be the most challenging assay you will ever have the opportunity...

...researchers are optimistic that this can be done for most, if not all, of these new experimental species. ...to create a different protein. Did you know that most cephalopods die after they lay their 1 clutch of...the smallest photosynthetic cell in existence, but most abundant cell on earth (twice the human biomass)...Manihot esculenta (Blake Meyers) Cassava is the fifth most grown crop in the world so it feeds a lot people...arthropod germline by injection into adult female mosquitoes. Now they are trying to replace embryo injection...

...waiting for an indication of what (most of) Harvard, Johns Hopkins, (most of) MIT and the University of Colorado...having a major effect on scientists within academia, most particularly postdocs working in the U.S., whose...from the NSF’s 2014 Graduate Student Survey data). Most institutions suggest that postdocs should be paid...mid-career scientists/junior faculty will all be most/least likely to have to get rid of postdocs; that...

... primarily office based, and email/phone are the most popular ways to communicate with customers. Online...to run experiments with/for them. Though not the most prestigious role in a company, Technical Support...insights into how other scientists think and work. Most certainly there won’t be a shortage of amusing reports...questions. Identifying and solving problems are the most rewarding parts of the job. Solutions may also be...technical support for the long term). First and foremost, technical support gives you the opportunity to...

...unmethylated sites in the chromosome. The more stable endonuclease can then cut the chromosome leading to cell ...Applications of ccdB in plasmid cloning Perhaps the most widely used application of CcdB is GatewayTM cloning...protein-based toxin-antitoxin systems. One of the most well known protein-based toxin-antitoxin system ...-Kulka, and Gad Glaser. "An Escherichia coli chromosomal" addiction module" regulated by guanosine [corrected...

...formation by most, if not all, of the FP fusions. Our moxFPs currently represent one of the most inert solutions...function in the environment where it will localize [4]. Most investigators are surprised to learn that FPs are...environments. However, approximately 40% of human (and most eukaryotic) proteins localize to chemically distinct...assays. However, there has been a pervasive view that most FPs in a cell will fold and that the fluorescence...

...then choose the most efficient approach for your own system. The simplest and the most popular one is ...and others. CFP-YFP is still one of the best and most used pairs to measure FRET. The table below lists...that have a similar brightness - even though in the most popular pair, CFP has five-fold less brightness ...FLIM has been developed more recently and is the most rigorous method for measuring FRET. FLIM measures...

...CRISPR systems were first discovered in bacteria, most CRISPR-based genome engineering has taken place ...finding suggests that the system may be functional in most Enterobacteriaceae. An update to this system, called... RNA interference does not function in bacteria, most efforts to regulate gene expression were limited...adenine base editing in Streptomyces Some of the most industrially and clinically relevant bacterial species..., yet genome engineering remains challenging for most organisms in the genus. Work from the Sun lab demonstrates...base substitutions respectively. Substitutions seem most efficient when using a nickase version of Cas9, ...

...recognize that there are different types of conflict. Most people perceive any conflict as inherently bad, ...Makes You a Good Conflict Resolver? The first and foremost sub-skill to have here is pretty intuitive: You...empathy does not mean you like everyone you meet. Most people can’t maintain that level of positivity past...Of the tools I’m mentioning here, this may be the most controversial, so I would like to qualify it. If... accommodating, if you find yourself gravitating most frequently towards these approaches, you may need...

... house mouse (Mus musculus) Let’s start with the most preferred mammalian model organism of many researchers...Morgan discovered that genes were found within chromosomes using the fruit fly far before we even knew that...Like human cells, yeast DNA is packaged into chromosomes and about 23% of yeast genes have a counterpart...that overexpress the toxic protein α-synuclein (the most common protein found in lewy bodies), have been ...al. "Efficient gene transfer in C. elegans: extrachromosomal maintenance and integration of transforming...

...fluorescent protein to study its function is one of the most popular applications of fluorescent proteins. These... encoded by DNA. Since researchers can generate almost any DNA sequence in the way that they like, the...vitro, ultracentrifugation or gel filtration is the most common analytical method. However, these may not...- and C- termini of your protein of interest The most straightforward fusion protein is made by connecting...The recent revolution in genome editing methods (most notably CRISPR/Cas mediated HDR) enables the tagging...

..., 2016). Despite the almost universal functionality of the CRISPR system in most organisms, some plant-specific...include the ubiquitously expressing cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (CaMV 35S) or ubiquitin promoters...2020) and plants viruses (barley yellow striate mosaic virus (Gao et al., 2019) or sonchus yellow net ... associated publications or protocols to get the most out of the plasmid you chose for your experiment...