...systems contain two components: a guide RNA ( gRNA or sgRNA ) and a CRISPR-associated endonuclease (Cas enzyme...applications include editing multiple genes at once; using dual nickases to generate a knockout or gene edit; or...using a prime editing guide RNA ( pegRNA ). Like sgRNA, pegRNA directs the nickase to the target site by...efficiency PE3 - increased efficiency; an additional sgRNA directs Cas9n to a nearby site, driving mismatch...- S trand B reak, a break in both strands of DNA Dual nickase/Double nick A method to decrease off-target...in nature and is also commonly referred to as an sgRNA. gRNA scaffold sequence The sequence within the ... J. A., & Charpentier, E. (2012). A programmable Dual-RNA–Guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial...