...S., Mojica, F. J. M., Terns, R. M., Terns, M. P., White, M. F., Yakunin, A. F., Garrett, R. A., Van Der... available with multiple Cas9 variants, including high fidelity Cas9s, Cas9s with various PAM requirements...H., Ran, F. A., Hsu, P. D., Konermann, S., Shehata, S. I., Dohmae, N., Ishitani, R., Zhang, F., & Nureki...e1007749. PMID: 30403660 Sanson, K. R., Hanna, R. E., Hegde, M., Donovan, K. F., Strand, C., Sullender, M. E...strand SpCas9-HF1 - disrupt Cas9’s interactions with DNA phosphate backbone HypaCas9 - increase Cas9 proofreading...new tools. Figure 3: Overview of Cas9n Nickase and dead Cas9 The two Cas9 nuclease domains, RuvC and HNH...enhanced specificity by engineering Cas9 into high fidelity Cas9s (hfCas9) . There is currently no defined...

...organism without a specific preferred mutation Cas9 (or Cas9 nickase) Single (or dual) gRNA targeting 5′ ...generating a point mutation or inserting a tag Cas9 (or Cas9 nickase); Base editor Single (or dual) gRNA ...concern, Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes are advantageous due to the transient Cas9 expression... RNA delivery of Cas9 and gRNA In vitro transcription reactions generate mature Cas9 mRNA and gRNA, which...generate transgenic embryos Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes Purified Cas9 protein and in vitro transcribed...and/or Cas9 expression or (2) a lack of efficient target cleavage in cells expressing both Cas9 and gRNA...Publications Cong, L., & Zhang, F. (2015). Genome engineering using CRISPR-CAS9 system. Methods in Molecular...