...separates the cells mechanically in a vibrating nozzle, imparting a positive or negative charge to cells that...GFP and its derivatives by the late Roger Tsien changed everything. For the first time, fluorescent proteins... lymph nodes at different times after antigen challenge, scientists were able to track where GFP labelled...two-photon microscopy enabled scientists to see how chaotic and random the scanning was and how fast T cells...et al. 2016, Cavanagh et al. 2008)? Technical challenges of two photon microscopy Intravital imaging is... at steady state or under physio-pathological challenge. However technical specificities have to be taken...imaging studies with blue or cyan proteins without changing excitation wavelength (Salomonnson et al. 2012...

...help. Here, we will outline some fundamental characteristics to consider when selecting a dye or ligand ...Fluorescence microscopy takes advantage of the characteristics of these fluorophores to enable highly specific...Hayashi-Takanaka et al., 2014). Other dyes may prove challenging to stain intracellular compartments in in vivo...impacted by both the excitation coefficient, characterizing the strength a species absorbs or reflects ... mitochondrial homeostasis maintained through mechanisms like fission, fusion, biogenesis, and mitophagy... as Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED), and Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM). These...key to observing interactions and conformational changes in proteins. Both short distances of molecules ...

... Research is Advocating for Change Within the Sciences Learn How Changing Labor Laws Can Effect Postdoc...editors) can move slowly, news about possible broad changes to policies seems to break everyday. Many researchers...active and involved if we wish to make positive change. Below I present perspectives on the March for ...Addgene. Boston, MA, USA 42.3601°N 71.0589°W – Alina Chan The job of scientists to observe how things work...generation is in the veracity of its work. Alina Chan is a postdoctoral researcher at Harvard Medical ...cause autism to politicians saying that climate change is a hoax. This has culminated in the current President...interested in global health policy.  He is also chair of the postdoctoral engagement committee and active...

...tags, FLAG is the most charged, with 5 negatively charged and 2 positively charged amino acids. FLAG tag...tag has a net negative charge with 4 negatively charged and 1 positively charged amino acids. Myc tags ...The tag has two negatively charged amino acids for an overall negative charge. This tag has been used successfully...doesn’t come with a high background can be a huge challenge. Epitope tags eliminate the need for target-specific...

...The late Michael Davidson and Roger Tsien played enormous roles in fluorescent protein development by...community. To honor their legacy, we launched the Michael Davidson and Roger Tsien Commemorative Travel Awards...happy to announce the three winners of this year’s Michael Davidson and Roger Tsien Commemorative Travel Awards... Awards: Melissa Chiasson, Elizabeth Unger, and Michal Bernach. Melissa Chiasson: Quantifying the abundance... in vitro against different drugs and dosages.  Michal Bernach: Developing an artificial leaf replica ...plant-bacteria and bacteria-bacteria interactions  Michal Bernach is a graduate student in Mitja Remus-Emsermann... But the shape and metabolism of leaves can be changed by light and temperature and leaf autofluorescence...

...This post was contributed by guest blogger Chris Richardson, a Postdoctoral Researcher in Jacob Corn’s lab...and yet unanswered) question. Our recent paper (Richardson et al 2016) revealed some of the biophysical ...binding to the cleaved DNA duplex. Image from Richardson et al., 2016. We next wondered if we could...Example single stranded donor DNA and a presumptive mechanism of action are presented in Figure 2. Figure...interaction with the Cas9-DNA duplex. Image from Richardson et al., 2016.   dCas9 enables sequence replacement...accompanies Cas9 cutting. We still don’t know the mechanism underlying dCas9 editing, but it could be very...Results from our lab and others (Lin et al 2014, Richardson et al 2016, and Kim et al 2014) have shown that...

...new light on mechanisms of miRNA-mediated gene regulation Article contributed by Michael Lemieux  Listen...longstanding challenge. Using shRNA, TALEN, or ZFN to edit immune cells poses challenges such as the inhibition...synapses was developed by Matthew J. Kennedy’s and Chandra L. Tucker’s labs from UC Denver. At the core of...researchers split the proteolytically active light chain of BoNT/B into two fragments (BotNT-N and BotNT-... of blue light, iLID undergoes a conformational change allowing high affinity binding to SspB, brings ...host organism, the expression of some genes can change depending on the location. Current methods for ...pathways. Despite several years of research, the mechanisms of miRNA regulation have yet to be fully elucidated...

...discussion and for being “coachable”. That means the mentee needs to be open to change and constructive suggestions... “Learning is not attained by chance, it must be sought for with ardor and attended to with diligence...current position Understand your interpersonal challenges if they know some of the people you work with...Help identify the skills you will need to make a change Provide perspective on core values at another company...excellent group mentoring program in many of its chapters. Find out what other groups have going on locally.... Alumni who enter their information in these searchable databases are usually offering their contact ...their time. There are many professional coaches who charge for their advice and time. Consider this option...

...have sought to alleviate many of these challenges by exchanging the fluorescent donor for a bioluminescent...tissue-penetrating wavelength above 600 nm. LumiFluors Schaub, F.X., et al. (3) designed two imaging probes. ...When the responsive protein binds to calcium it changes conformation and brings the two fluorescent proteins...concentrations of biological molecules. FRET sensors face challenges of photobleaching, autofluorescence, and, in ...cyan-excitable donors, phototoxicity. Another challenge to using FRET sensors comes when employing optogenetic...create a calcium sensor with the following characteristics: No photoexcitation High Ion specificity High...and NanoLuc® Luciferase. CalFlux VNT responds to changes in intracellular calcium and is useful for direct...

...breakdown Intro Chapter 1 - How Joachim ended up at the University of Amsterdam Chapter 2 - Joachim’s Academic... in microscopy. Chapter 7 - Open access in biology and how it speeds science. Chapter 8 - The importance...your passion and pay attention to the details. Chapter 3 - Answering interesting biological questions ...Joachim’s lab. New microscopy probes and more. Chapter 5 - mTurquoise II and the creation of improved ...improved fluorescent proteins through mutagenesis. Chapter 6 - The future of FRET and fluorescent protein tools...microscopy (University of Amsterdam). He develops, characterizes and uses genetically encoded fluorescent probes...

... Empower and Accelerate Research Discoveries) Challenge provides grants for rare disease research. This...result in global creatine deficiency, which is characterized by development delays, speech delays, seizures...video. “SLC6A8 belongs to a large family of solute channels that are responsible for maintaining the nutrient... Scientific Advisor. It’s possible that solute channels typically expressed on other cell types can compensate...for or bypass the dysfunction of another solute channel. With the BeHeard award, the ACD will use Addgene...screen in mammalian cells to identify any solute channels that can compensate for the defect caused by SLC6A8...collection consists of human and murine solute channels, the team will be able to validate their findings...

...while writing each section. Research challenge The Research Challenge motivates the request for application...the research challenge. Demonstrating expertise in the field and past successes boost chances in receiving...how you, the expert, will address the research challenge. Now is the time to make bold statements. While...how your innovation will address a variety of challenges and impact the field - its encouraged to dream... funded. Budget The Budget gives the writer a chance to delegate funds to supplies, personnel, equipment...time budget writer, you may find this section challenging because it’s hard to determine the exact value... differs from publication writing and may be challenging to master at first. Additionally, reach out to...

...biological devices. Chapter 6: - Making research go faster through Open Access. Chapter 7/Outro: Tom’s Involvement...grad school to a startup and back to academia. Chapter 1: How working at a startup prepared Tom for an...work-life balance in Academia. Will it all pay off? Chapter 2: The Centre for Synthetic Biology and Innovation...training, startups, and real applications of SynBio. Chapter 3: Synthetic biology as the engineering of biology...standardized, disciplined, and open techniques. Chapter 4: Research projects underway in the Ellis lab ...microbial cooperation, and antibiotic production. Chapter 5: The future of Synthetic Biology. Wide adoption...Working at a SynBio Startup in Our Interview with Michael Koeris Resources at Addgene.org Find Plasmids...

...simultaneously characterize the ‘social networks’ of 157 super enhancers.  3. Measuring temporal changes in chromatin...that surround changes in gene expression and determine who’s a key driver of these changes. By generating... CAPTURE method, the Xu Lab made the following changes to create CAPTURE 2.0:  Replace the biotinalatable...chromatin interactions at a promoter in the well-characterized beta globin locus. The two methods had similar...Chromatin interactions at five sites in the well-characterized beta-globin locus were analyzed with CAPTURE...application for CAPTURE 2.0 is detection of temporal changes in chromatin conformation, like those that occur...When chromatin conformation data is compared with changes in gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and...

...through my university’s purchasing system. What’s the order status? My purchasing department faxed the PO...website? Many vendors will process orders based on a purchase order, which is an official document listing materials...email, or orders that are placed through internal purchasing systems. All orders must be placed directly on...create an Addgene account and place an order: a purchasing agent, lab manager, or the end user. All updates... checkout, you will have the option to “Pay by Purchase Order.” Enter the PO number you generated through...directly if we require a copy of your PO. If your purchasing department requires a quote in order to generate...check out our Help Center article How do I pay by purchase order (PO) number? You can find answers to other...

...mediate a C to T change (or a G to A change on the opposite strand). ABEs make an A to G change (or a T to ...out of 12 possible base-to-base changes. The other 8 base-to-base changes require Base Transition Editors...to C change on the opposite strand). Both are base transition editors: converting one purine base to the...purine-to-purine or pyrimidine-to-pyrimidine base changes. Solid red arrows indicate a conversion directly...the base editor. Dotted red arrows indicate the change introduced to the opposite strand following base...dCas9 prevents base excision repair, which would change the U back to a C base. To increase base editing...convert adenosine to inosine, resulting in an A to G change (Gaudelli et al., 2017). Creating an adenine base...

...number. Here, we will consider the replication mechanism of plasmids under stringent control, such as pSC101...expression, so high levels of DnaA act as a feedback mechanism to reduce further transcription. Replication is...for ATP to re-activate DnaA. These regulatory mechanisms allow E. coli to control chromosomal replication..., it can be regulated indirectly via the same mechanisms that affect DnaA and IHF. RepA also controls ...needs to get before handcuffing occurs. These mechanisms to regulate plasmid replication through the dual...Figure 3: Comparison of replication regulation mechanisms of stringently controlled plasmids pSC101 and... or sequences necessary for initiation or the mechanisms that regulate their replication, but their copy...

...expression of receptors, ion channels, and growth factors resulting in changes to the cell line’s growth ...medium. Daily medium exchanges help alleviate cellular stresses associated with pH changes and resource consumption...In addition to benefitting your cells, medium exchanges may also impact the quality of the lentiviral ...harvest. Studies have demonstrated that extreme changes in osmotic pressure and pH can destabilize the ... the electrostatic repulsion of the negatively charged cell with the virus. To circumvent this problem... transductions typically employ the positively charged polycation, polybrene. Interestingly, one study...conditions for specific applications, stick with them! Changes in such variables as cell density, volume, incubation...

...cycle of one step. Challenges in the LEGO science video process One major challenge when we started was...Gnome-Proof" This is why the “Bricking Science” YouTube channel was born. The name came from LEGO bricks + science...will bring people together and make these daily challenges a little easier to overcome. We want to encourage...motion format for our videos as it is the most approachable for LEGOs. Stop motion consists of taking many... no pre-made LEGO laboratory sets so we had to purchase the big LEGO classic box, the Big Bang Theory ...gotten easier now that I identify with the main character in the video. We’ve grown attached to the work...“WOW, now I have my own laboratory” (the main character is much more than a piece of plastic for us now...

... of light-gated potassium channelrhodopsins, named Kalium channelrhodopsins (KCRs), from a fungus-like...Govorunova EG, et al. Kalium channelrhodopsins are natural light-gated potassium channels that mediate optogenetic...-2P Novel class of light-gated potassium channelrhodopsins Myc-tag antibody anti-c-Myc [9E10] now available.... The resultant JEDI-2P sensors overcome many challenges in 2-photon in-vivo imaging of voltage fluctuations...   Novel class of light-gated potassium channelrhodopsins by: Mike Lacy New work from the labs of Mingshan... attempts to engineer potassium-selective channelrhodopsins. HcKCR1 has a maximum absorption of 540 nm...