...assemble a crack team of Addgenies that includes: Michelle, the Senior Scientist who coordinates all kit ....” There was a time in human history when an intelligent, motivated person really could know a little ...any favors by trying to go it alone. The help of fellow lab members and collaborators will not only get...will ultimately improve the quality of the work as well. Social interaction is a good thing Part of you...communication Few people actually like meetings, but run well, meetings can be a critical part of any successful...team could have a strong sense of purpose, an excellent leader, and perfectly clear lines of communication...myth. The original Dr. Frankenstein from Mary Shelley’s novel worked alone, but even the movie makers ...

...in transfected eukaryotic cells, allowing for them to be used as intracellular inhibitors.  Aptamers are...small enough to be expressed in bacterial and other cell systems. Since the majority of these alternative...the constant region. Nonspecific binding, caused cell receptors for the constant region, is also reduced...binding strength, half-lives, and/or specificity as well. They’re more difficult to source, may not be readily..., peptides, amino acids, drugs, metal ions, and cells. They can be used either with or as fluorophores... may sound. Validated antibodies are still an excellent option for many applications, and frankly, if ...

...Deletions in Human Embryonic Stem Cells Using Type I CRISPR-Cas. Molecular Cell, 74(5): 936-950.e5 (2019). 10.1016...a class 2 CRISPR-Cas system. Cell, 163(3): 759-771 (2015). 10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.038 Harrington, B., ...is shared by other Cas enzymes outlined below as well. Cas12a also has significant therapeutic promise... Cas13 are 1). non-specific RNA cleavage and 2). cell toxicity. Cas7-11 does not display collateral RNA...cleavage and is significantly less toxic to mammalian cells than Cas13 (likely due to the lack of collateral...

... in the embryos, as well as whole exome sequencing of embryo derived-ES cells.They also conducted whole...ssODN repair template in induced pluripotent stem cells made from the patient. With the first gRNA, they...homology-directed repair (HDR) taking place in 41.2% of edited cells. The results were even lower for the second gRNA...13.1% targeting efficiency with only 13% of edited cells employing HDR. Ma et al. moved forward with gRNA...babies.” The differences in editing between iPS cells and embryos make a case for conducting research ...analysis is not possible with IVF, as most of the cells are needed for proper development. Ma et al.’s experiments...

...transgenic animals, embryonic stem cells, and/or tissue-specific cell types: Cre-lox recombination. What.... How can I use Cre-lox? The Cre/lox system is a well-established research tool, especially in the field...downstream of promoters that are active only in certain cell or tissue types, during certain stages of development... recombinase can be expressed only in specified cells or at specified times. Combining this with some ...has been used to successfully introduce Cre into cells of interest. What if I need two separate recombination...2. Site-specific DNA recombination in mammalian cells by the Cre recombinase of bacteriophage P1. Sauer...

... in vivo conditional gene rescue experiments, as well as for improvement of optogenetic adeno-associated...delivered using AAV injection, the majority of the cells surrounding the injection site will become infected... ensure that the reporter remains silent until a cell or tissue-specific Cre is provided. Since the FLEx...used to study the physiology or behavior of certain cell populations.  Acknowledgement:Through a partnership...for monitoring Cre-mediated recombination at the cellular level in the mouse. 2003 PubMed PMID: 12665802...FLEX switch targets Channelrhodopsin-2 to multiple cell types for imaging and long-range circuit mapping... Michelle Cronin...

...Single-Domain Camelid Antibodies. Cell 181:1004–1015.e15 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.031 Zimmermann ...coronaviruses and enable the virus to enter host cells. To do this, they injected the spike protein from...camelid antibodies that bind to the spike proteins in cell culture, and inhibit these viruses.  But llama ...hidden in the molecular crevices proteins on the cell surface. Figure 1: Comparison of common antibody...Graham BS, Callewaert N, Schepens B, Saelens X, McLellan JS (2020) Structural Basis for Potent Neutralization...blog Opto-Nanobodies: Using Light to Manipulate Cell Signaling and Protein Purification RANbodies: Reporter...

...establishment of in-house sequencing capabilities and Seqwell’s plexWell technology, we can now perform NGS at Addgene... check viral transgene expression in transduced cells whenever possible. This post will describe our workflow...fragments of DNA from the helper plasmids or the cell genome can be packaged inside the vectors during...earlier, it is common to find DNA from the packaging cell genome, bacterial genomes, cloning vectors, and ...future plans How did AAV-68544 become contaminated? Well, we purposely mixed another AAV vector with AAV-...Tasissa M, Kostman M, Tillgren M, Makana Hanley L, Mueller I, Mitsopoulos A, Fan M (2020) A Novel Next-Generation...

...transparent are enabling microscopes to visualize the cellular architecture of whole tissues in 3D with unprecedented..., CST, spinal cord and cranial nerve afferents labelled with a AAV8 expressing eGFP under the human ubiquitin... (2007). Nature Methods, 4, 331–336. Pubmed. P. Keller, M.B. Ahrens.  (2015) Neuron, 85, 462-483. Pubmed... Weber, M. Mickoleit, J. Huisken. (2014) Methods Cell Biol.123, 193-215. Pubmed. W. Spalteholz. (1914)...296, 541-545. Pubmed. A. Ertürk, C.P. Mauch, F. Hellal, F. Förstner, T. Keck,  K. Becker, et al. (2011... Jährlin, C.P. Mauch, C.D. Hojer, J.G. Egen, F. Hellal, F. Bradke, M. Sheng, H.-U. Dodt. (2012). Nature..._the_OpenSPIM_Wiki http://www.janelia.org/lab/keller-lab http://www.physikalischebiologie.de http...

...with a great story to tell? Let us know by emailing us at [email protected] or tell us on Twitter and Facebook...amazing stories to share. I spend a lot of time telling scientists about Addgene’s repository, and explaining...better day at the office but for stronger science as well. This blog is our way of continuing the conversation...whether you’re a graduate student, post-doctoral fellow, lab manager, research technician, or Principal...conversation! Do you have a question about culturing iPS cells? Confused by which system to use for genome editing...

...benefit, replicates are built into the technology. One well (containing thousands of droplets) can be sufficient...fluorescence amplitude measured for each droplet in each well (Figure 2). A clean ddPCR should have a clear separation...negative (gray) droplets. The no template control wells should have very few positive droplets. In the image... copy per microliter in the no template control wells. You’ll also notice a reduction in the number of...cross contamination into a no template control (NTC) well is common. Here are some steps you can take to achieve...applications for the technology.  Droplet digital PCR is well suited for the detection of low copy numbers. For...used in the detection of rare sequences and single cell analysis. It is also being used in the detection...

... Orientation-Specific Tells you the orientation of the insert Tells you if the insert is present...product. Additionally, this type of primer only tells you if your specific insert is present but not if...without the insert. This type of primer pair can tell you if the insert is the correct size and whether...Insert-Specific Simple "yes or no" test results Doesn't tell you the orientation of your insert or if the insert...band (-) result as insert-specific primers but also tell you whether the insert has the correct directionality...clones you’ll need to send for sequencing, but won’t tell you if your products have any mutations.  There ...

...processing, the window shows a yellow checked circle. Typically, a yellow check mark indicates that a particular...score (KO-score) which represents the proportion of cells that have either a frameshift or 21+ bp indel. This...Following delivery of CRISPR components into target cells, genomic DNA from both edited and unedited (control...in front of that sample. You can hover over the yellow or red circles to gather details on the issues ... score. KO Score - Represents the proportion of cells that have either a frameshift or 21+ bp indel. This...vertical dotted line represents the cut site, and yellow + symbol on the far left marks the wild type sequence...

...homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway which occurs in cells at low frequencies and relies on the efficient delivery...Later the resultant U-G pair is either repaired by cellular mismatch repair machinery making an original C-G...editor. A massive protein engineering effort by Gaudelli et al. resulted in the successful evolution of...’ to ‘I’ (inosine), which is treated as ‘G’ by cellular polymerases. Subsequently, an original genomic... is converted to a G-C pair (Figure 1). As the cellular inosine excision repair is not as active as uracil...protospacer, ABE6.3 or ABE7.9 are better suited (Gaudelli et al., 2017). Our vectors have two Bsa1 sites...353.6305 (2016): aaf8729. PubMed PMID: 27492474. 3. Gaudelli, Nicole M., et al. "Programmable base editing ...

...a review article on histone modifers in B and T cells with my adviser when I was a graduate student. Naturally...aspect of the field you plan to review. If it’s a well-researched field, you may need to get specific to...these themes, and also for articles from the active/well-known researchers in the field. I made sure to find... find information from genome-wide studies, as well as results from smaller and more specific studies....studies. I also did not limit myself to the well-cited or popular papers, but looked for papers from a wide ... change the sentences, make it flow, and start telling the story. Like any editing process, you will need...acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases in B-and T-cell development, physiology and malignancy." Genes &...

... attack the cell wall of bacterial cells; however, Mycoplasma species do not possess cell walls. As a ...bacteriophage (viruses that only infect bacterial cells), or a bacterium picking up resistance genes from...determining drug resistance status, it is a very common, well-trusted method that is frequently used in the clinical...conserved, non-negotiable process within the bacterial cell, antibiotic resistance is very likely to develop...globally: final report and recommendations." London: Wellcome Trust & HM Government (2016). 2. CDC Information...

...lipopolysaccharide of the cell wall of Gram negative bacteria like E. coli that affects tissue culture cell line viability...introduces transformation grade plasmids into a bacterial cell. Transformation grade DNA  Transformation is ...transformation of chemically and electrocompetent cells is minimal (picogram range). It can be extracted...Figure 3: Need to introduce plasmids into mammalian cells? Use transfection grade DNA. Transfection is ...process of inserting an external plasmid in mammalian cells and it will likely require micrograms of plasmid...

...both Cas9 and your gRNA of interest to mammalian cells. It was designed to have increased lentiviral titer...knock-out thousands of genes in mixed population of cells as part of pooled library screens (1,2). The human...pooled libraries targeting both mouse and human cells are avaliable for distribution. To learn more about... includes work probing mTOR signaling in cancer cells, deciphering the mechanism of matrix metalloproteinase...Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening in human cells." Science 343.6166 (2014): 84-87. PubMed PMID: 24336571...Common Ways to Deliver CRISPR Plasmids to Mammalian Cells Resources on the Addgene Website Visit our Lentiviral...

...It’s well known that exercise can help fight stress and depression, and now researchers have reported... how it works. The findings in a recent issue of Cell demonstrate how PGC-1a1, a transcriptional coactivator... press release. “We actually found the opposite: well-trained muscle produces an enzyme that purges the... in a commentary about the new work published in Cell Metabolism. But, they note, there is plenty more...including psychiatric and cognitive conditions as well as neurodegenerative diseases.” I don’t know about...JR, Erhardt S, Lindskog M, Ruas JL. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.07.051. PMID: 25259918 Muscle over mind. Moon...

...Addgene Outreach Scientist and fellow blogger Caroline LaManna put it well: "Wow, custom mutations in monkeys...RNA-Mediated Gene Targeting in One-Cell Embryos. Niu Y, et al. Cell. 2014 January 30. (Pubmed) Programmable...correct disease mutations, both in mice and in human cells. But that important advance was quickly followed...  David S. Weiss of Emory University summed it up well in that New York Times feature when he said, “All...