...Microbial CRISPR diversity is impressive, and researchers are just beginning to tap the wealth of CRISPR possibilities...makes WYL proteins an intriguing counterpart to anti-CRISPR proteins that negatively modulate the activity...RNA Knockdown Plasmids Check out our CRISPR Guide Read our CRISPR History  ...RNA-editing Cas13 enzymes have taken the CRISPR world by storm. Like RNA interference, these enzymes ...general bioinformatic screens that looked for a CRISPR repeat array near a putative effector nuclease....these papers can independently process their own CRISPR arrays into guide RNAs. crRNA cleavage is retained...measured by flow cytometry, respectively. Cas13d CRISPR array processing is robust, with CasRx and either...

...Addgene Blog Check Out Our CRISPR Featured Topic Page Learn about Anti-CRISPRs Multiplex Genome Editing ... a splash in the CRISPR field. We feel that the culture of sharing within the CRISPR community is an essential...Browse All CRISPR Plasmids Find Validated gRNAs for Your Next Experiment Check Out Our CRISPR Guide Pages...Cas13a molecule brings a much anticipated element of diversity to the CRISPR toolbox and will continue to...This post was updated on Jul 27, 2020. CRISPR, and specifically Cas9 from S. pyogenes (SpCas9), is truly...several unique properties that further expand the CRISPR toolbox. We'll cover how Cas13a was identified,...Cas13a. The origins of Cas13a: An RNA cleaving CRISPR nuclease Cas13a was originally identified in 2015...

... that the term ‘antibiotic’ can also be used to describe anti-parasitic drugs and anti-fungal drugs, because...recent blog post on CRISPR antimicrobials to learn how scientists are using CRISPR to fight bacteria. ...Addgene's Microbiology Pages What is antibiotic resistance? Antibiotic resistance is defined as microbial... to antibiotics designed to kill them or to impede their growth. When we hear the word ‘antibiotic’, very...treat. Learn How Antibiotic Resistance Genes Are Used in the Lab How does antibiotic resistance develop...themselves from these naturally occurring antibiotics. When we use antibiotics to treat infections, we are treating...video showing bacteria evolve antibiotic resistance on a plate! Antibiotic resistance can arise, and has...

...resources on the Addgene Blog CRISPR 101: Which Cas9 do I choose for my CRISPR experiment? The PAM requirement...expanding CRISPR beyond spCas9 Cas proteins More resources on the Addgene Website CRISPR Plasmids ...engineering workhorse You rarely hear the word ‘CRISPR’ without shortly thereafter hearing ‘Cas9’. The...effective at wiping out large regions of DNA and has anti-viral application potential as a result. Fast facts...targeting. RNA targeting Cas enzymes Move over Cas9, CRISPR isn’t just for DNA anymore! Cas enzymes have been...Deletions in Human Embryonic Stem Cells Using Type I CRISPR-Cas. Molecular Cell, 74(5): 936-950.e5 (2019). ...is a single RNA-guided endonuclease of a class 2 CRISPR-Cas system. Cell, 163(3): 759-771 (2015). 10.1016...

...similar to the anti-phage CRISPR effect observed in bacteria. Learn more about the different CRISPR applications...Resources at Addgene.org Check out our CRISPR resources and CRISPR for plants Bacterial Expression Systems...tolerant plant, Dr. Robertson aims to make use of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to engineer plants that are able...plants and that produce compounds with various antimicrobial activities (1). She has developed a fast endophyte...Martinez-Klimova, Elena et al. “Endophytes as sources of antibiotic” Biochemical Pharmacology 2017 Jun 15;134:1-17...

...added advantage that it can be turned off by anti-CRISPR proteins. The Sontheimer lab used NmeCas9 with...about Cas9 Variants and the Expanded CRISPR Toolbox Read about CRISPR enzyme Cpf1 Read our Introduction ...Addgene.org Check out our CRISPR Guide Find CRISPR Plasmids ...they did so without a substantial immune response or toxicity. More AAV-based CRISPR systems Smaller Cas... and last updated Sep 16, 2020 by Beth Kenkel.  CRISPR genome editing has quickly become a popular system...characterization for in vivo studies. One of the pitfalls of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is the potential for off-target...liver-specific serotype AAV8. Since the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing varies across targets, they...

...RNAi to knock-down expression of your target or CRISPR/Cas9 to create mutations that essentially eliminate...the gene for your protein has been mutated using CRISPR/Cas9. You check the mutation and it causes a large...expression of antibody-independent approaches to your antibody-dependent approach. Antibody-independent ...means, such as through antibody databases like Antibodypedia or through your antibody provider(s) if they...choose an antibody? Check out our Selecting an Antibody blog post! Learn more about Antibodies and their...applications in our Antibodies 101 blog series New to antibodies? Read our Antibodies 101: Introduction ...considerations you should review before using an antibody.  Antibodies and Reproducibility First, let’s review...

...lentiviral inventory is based on CRISPR tools, though we do provide a few non-CRISPR related viral preps. Cas9...The lab additionally recommends using an anti-mCherry antibody rather than endogenous mCherry fluorescence...Cas9 is the headliner of most CRISPR applications and can be expressed from your cell line of choice after...can then be used both for screens (using pooled CRISPR knockout libraries) and individual gene knockouts... Improved vectors and genome-wide libraries for CRISPR screening. Nat Methods. 2014 Aug;11(8):783-4. PubMed...

...publications and funding, bioethics in the age of CRISPR, and the challenges of science becoming increasingly...rapidly changing world of genome engineering via CRISPR.  Though the individual topics are not surprising...scientific world? Would biohackers even be a thing if CRISPR hadn’t made manipulating the genome cheap and relatively...shocking. Mainstream media outlets have addressed CRISPR frequently over the last several years, but lay...politicization of science (from climate change deniers to anti-vaxxers), and the very real dangers of quackery,...scientists themselves.  The sections on optogenetics and CRISPR of course address some of the ethical implications...easy, fast, and cheap distribution of the newest CRISPR-Cas plasmids, has been a key driver of the technology...

... the ZFNs.   Genetic Engineering Era: Post CRISPR  CRISPR The strategy of using a protein to recognize... Find more blog posts about CRISPR Learn more about the history of CRISPR Read about other genome editing...methods Resources on Addgene.org Visit our CRISPR guide Find CRISPR plasmids for your research Browse plasmids...during this period.  Genetic Engineering Era: Pre-CRISPR  Having visualized and understood the DNA, the ...breakthrough in the world of genetic engineering as CRISPR-Cas editing soon replaced the protein-based DNA-binding... (Langdon). The plot involves Langdon chasing an anti-villain geneticist named Zobrist who designs a virus... gene editors (meganucleases, ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR-Cas) is that they induce double-strand breaks (...

...Reactions Anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) are formed when the body recognizes a drug as a foreign antigen, triggering...s12929-019-0592-z  Resources Antibodies 101: Introduction to Antibodies CRISPR in the Clinic   ...replicate the complexity of antigen processing events that take place within an antigen-presenting cell like ...Beijnen, J. H., & Schellens, J. H. (2016). Antidrug Antibody Formation in Oncology: Clinical Relevance ...Monoclonal antibody drugs are popular therapeutics for a plethora of disease conditions, from cancer ...cancer to autoimmune disorders. Antibodies administered as drugs are still immunogenic, meaning that they elicit...of immunogenicity can help evaluate risk of an antibody.  In silico prediction of adverse reactions In...

... autophagy and, in a mouse model led to improved anti-cancer immunosurveillance and reduced tumor mass...development in immunotherapy is the combination of the CRISPR/Cas9 methodology with T cell receptor engineering...contrast to using randomly integrating viral vectors, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing allows targeted engineering... et al. "Targeting a CAR to the TRAC locus with CRISPR/Cas9 enhances tumour rejection." Nature 543.7643...on novel cancer therapeutics such as  (Chimeric Antigen Receptors) CAR T cells and PD-1 modulators. An ... et al. "Caloric restriction mimetics enhance anticancer immunosurveillance." Cancer cell 30.1 (2016):...: eaal3118. PubMed PMID: 28495700. 4. Zelenay, Santiago, et al. "Cyclooxygenase-dependent tumor growth...

...the Addgene blog CRISPR Antimicrobials Treating Muscular Dystrophy with CRISPR CRISPR 101: Drug Discovery...initiated a CRISPR therapy for hATTR with the first-ever systemic CRISPR therapy. They engineered a CRISPR-Cas...Resources on Addgene.org CRISPR Plasmids and Resources CRISPR 101 eBook CRISPR History and Development ...post on CRISPR’s potential for correcting monogenetic diseases. Now, almost 10 years later, CRISPR’s potential...and editing strategies for CRISPR therapies. Systemic therapies involve CRISPR-Cas delivery directly to ...currently working on giving this treatment a CRISPR spin. CRISPR CAR-T treatments for leukemia, lymphoma, ...involving CRISPR Cas9 for these diseases was sponsored by Vertex Pharmaceuticals and CRISPR Therapeutics...

...multi-spacer CRISPR array, CRISPR-transposons can be multiplexed. Transcriptional repression (CRISPRi) in bacteria...Will Arnold. Although CRISPR systems were first discovered in bacteria, most CRISPR-based genome engineering...inefficiency? Use CRISPR to make it a selectable process! As NHEJ is ineffective in bacteria, CRISPR-induced double...eukaryotes in that CRISPR isn’t the primary editing force. In contrast, in E. coli, CRISPR is primarily a ...to directly modify a given gene. CRISPR-tranposons By combining CRISPR editing and transposons, the Sternberg...scenario allows for several potential CRISPR applications. First, CRISPR can be used to target locations in... Check out our CRISPR Featured Topic Page Learn more about Cpf1 Find out about CRISPR Multiplexing Resources...

...BbvCI enzyme used for ssDNA preparation nicks the anti-sense strand, then the ssDNA template formed will...be sense. Therefore, mutagenic oligos need to be anti-sense so they will anneal to the template. The opposite... nicked for template formation: template will be anti-sense, primers should be sense. Does the orientation...Mutations in Your Plasmids Learn How You Can Use CRISPR Pooled Libraries to Generate Mutant Populations...Addgene.org Find Plasmids from the Whitehead Lab Use CRISPR Pooled Libraries to Generate Mutants ...

...outperformed another CRISPR library with 6 sgRNAS, highlighting the benefit of sgRNA design in CRISPR libraries.... about CRISPR Kinome Libraries available at Addgene Learn about the advantages of pooled CRISPR libraries...genome-wide screening using CRISPR Resources on Addgene.org Find CRISPR plasmids and resources here ...genome-wide CRISPRko, CRISPRi, and CRISPRa libraries have been shown to outperform other popular CRISPR libraries...repressor (CRISPRi) or an activation domain (CRISPRa) to regulate gene expression. Some CRISPR libraries...generation libraries for genome-wide CRISPRa, CRISPRi, and CRISPR-Cas9 knockout genetic screens." bioRxiv...advantages of the optimized human CRISPR libraries. Brunello: human CRISPRko sgRNA library The Brunello library...

... libraries Read all CRISPR blog posts Resources on Addgene.org Browse our CRISPR interference plasmids...plasmids Find bacterial CRISPR plasmids Read our CRISPR guide ...about other CRISPR methods for bacterial genome engineering   Learn about human CRISPRko, CRISPRi, and CRISPRa...them. For example, gene knockdown with CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) has been limited to lab-adapted bacteria...disease-associated. Mobile-CRISPRi: a modular approach for CRISPRi transfer Mobile-CRISPRi offers two advantages...knockdown experiments. Mobile-CRISPRi applications Mobile-CRISPRi expands CRISPRi to non-model bacteria including...introduce CRISPRi machinery into diverse bacteria species. Existing protocols can transfer CRISPRi into a...

...sequences for antibodies are not shared. For instance, through open plasmid sharing, the CRISPR community ...Recombinant Antibodies? Antibodies are used by scientists around the world to detect, purify, quantify, deplete...of the antibody are encoded in a plasmid. (Right) An assembled antibody protein binds an antigen. Image...monoclonal antibodies as well as other forms of antibody-based (e.g., nanobodies, ScFVs) and non-antibody based...Recombinant Antibodies Recombinant antibodies offer numerous advantages over polyclonal antibodies and traditional...encoding antibodies, scientists will be able to make higher affinity antibodies, modify antibody function...I predict a similar revolution for antibodies. Recombinant antibody technology makes it easy for scientists...

...I was expecting when I set out to make my first CRISPR/Cas9 gene edit. I wanted to inactivate the gene...objective, it was surprisingly easy. It’s true, I CRISPRed. In this post, I’ll summarize the basic steps ...analyzing a gene edit using Addgene’s lentiviral CRISPR tools. Cas9 delivery Overview: Before any editing...homologous recombination (Rago et al., 2007). Using CRISPR, I was able to knockout BRAF in a human cancer ... Improved vectors and genome-wide libraries for CRISPR screening. Sanjana NE, Shalem O, Zhang F. Nat Methods... in Rational design of highly active sgRNAs for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene inactivation. Doench JG, Hartenian...maximize activity and minimize off-target effects of CRISPR-Cas9. Doench JG, Fusi N, Sullender M, Hegde M, ...

..., allowing for quantitative analysis using different detection methods. Since the anti-GFP nanobody is...toolkit includes a set of plasmids each containing an anti-GFP nanobody fused with a different functional element...Sam Myers, a Scientist in the group, developed a CRISPR-based approach to detect proteins that associate... single domain antibody fragments typically engineered from heavy-chain only antibodies found in camelids...They possess many advantages over conventional antibodies: they are small (12-15 kDa), stable, highly soluble...still just as specific to their target as regular antibodies. These properties make nanobodies easier to transform...proteomics: developing and applying new technologies to quantify proteins in tissues, cells, and biofluids. Recently...