...proximity with the target protein, leading to polyubiquitination of the target protein and proteasomal degradation...plasmids enable lentiviral expression of N- or C-terminally FKBP12F36V-tagged fusion chimeras or locus-specific...rapid means of comparing functionality of N- and C-terminal fusions and degradation in a cell line of interest...express ENL-FKBP12F36V and endogenous ENL was inactivated using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing. Featured molecules...express FKBP12F36V-MELK and endogenous MELK was inactivated using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing. Featured molecules...

...expressing the recombinant plasmid to propagate. Any cells that contained non-recombinant vectors (re-ligated...the number of clones that do not contain the recombinant plasmid and therefore makes the cloning process... but should never be used when selecting for recombinant plasmids. Check out our blog post on Common Lab...References 1. Bernard, P. “Positive Selection of Recombinant DNA by CcdB.” Biotechniques. 1996 Aug;21(2):320...

....org  Antibody GuideRecombinant antibodies available from AddgeneBrowse our recombinant antibody plasmid...have higher reproducibility and consistency in the final product. Because the constant (non-epitope binding...reduced immunogenicity. Effector functions are eliminated, as is antibody recognition, since antibody-specific...antibody constant region. They are generated using combinatorial libraries, and high specificity has been reported...

...more reproducible/renewable reagents, such as recombinant or hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibodies. It...solution depended on the specific antibody:target combination of interest (Figure 1). It can therefore be helpful...µg/mL (1/100). * = monoclonal antibody, ** = recombinant antibody. Figure adapted from Biddle et al., ...within the five pillars and is frequently used in combination with other approaches. If several cell lines ...correlation with other approaches when possible. Finally, correlation of -omics data can also be used in... 2019, 2021). In those studies, we used this combination to find suitable antibodies for a target with...

...every sweet or toy strewn across the floor. In the final wake it all settles down and the value of each item...of research activity and development since its inaugural year in 2012. That’s just 3 to 4 years ago. It...problems various tools are trying to solve, and finally how we might proceed in the future. When we think...for sgRNA design (by Hsu et al., 2013) used a combination of both empirical and approximate methods. The...online”, “CLI”, and “GUI”. Trends: Online tools dominate the software space but generally rely on less ... active sgRNAs for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene inactivation." Nature biotechnology (2014). PubMed PMID: ...

...your region of stimulation (the z-axis bregma coordinate). Because the light that is emitted from the ...stimulation will be erratic, opsin activation/inactivation inconsistent, and behavioral results impossible...opsin variant has slightly different activation/inactivation kinetics. For example, the light-gated cation...to get to the fun stuff: the experiments! In our final post in this primer on optogenetics we’ll delve ...Gutierrez DV, et al. Optogenetic control of motor coordination by Gi/o protein-coupled vertebrate rhodopsin...

...ABEs), consists of 3 components:  a deaminase (TadA, originally from E.coli, named TadA7.10 in ABE7.10...selection strategy (Gaudelli et al., 2017) in combination with a synthetic library of TadA sequences to...cause genome-wide, guide-independent off-target deamination, an important attribute for therapeutic application... JM, Lee S-J, Liquori AJ, Murray R, Packer MS, Rinaldi C, Slaymaker IM, Yen J, Young LE, Ciaramella G ...

...), includes I152L in N-terminal fragment An enhanced recombinant amino-terminal acetylation system and...Biotechniques. 2006 Chang-Deng Hu Venus Improved N-terminal fragment VN155(I152L), for use with VC155 An improved...mVenus Split mVenus (aa 155), includes I152L in N-terminal fragment Constant rate of p53 tetramerization ...

...drive cannot restore the exact original sequence, it can restore the original protein-coding sequence using...genomic changes impose a fitness cost and are eliminated by natural selection, gene drives distort inheritance...strategies that are robust to human error. Used in combination with standard barrier protocols, they can reduce...RNA-guided gene drives is Cas9 genome editing. Finally, gene drives are an inherently collective technology...

...Originally published Sep 30, 2014 and last updated Dec 10, 2020 by Benoit Giquel.   Adenoviral vectors...transiently expressed and binds to target DNA. In the final step of targeted gene knock-out (left), a fragment... the cut site through error-free homologous recombination (HR). Adapted from an image provided by Manuel...they attribute this phenomenon to the presence of terminal proteins capping the ends of linear double-stranded...Han Y-C, Ogrodowski P, Crippa A, Rekhtman N, de Stanchina E, Lowe SW, Ventura A (2014) In vivo engineering...

...maintaining heterozygosity is necessary and genetic recombination can potentially cause you to lose track of your...use balancer chromosomes to prevent genetic recombination. Balancer chromosomes essentially are messed.... They are unable to participate in genetic recombination during meiosis. Also, flies are not viable if...feature of balancer chromosomes is that they produce dominant phenotypes visible on the flies. For example, ...the Addgene Blog Methods for Site Specific Recombination in Drosophila Learn about Cre-Lox Resources...

...variety of institutions recently reported their inability to recapitulate the results of Gao et al 2016 ... Protein & Cell. Update (August 3rd, 2017) THE ORIGINAL NgAgo ARTICLE DISCUSSED IN THIS POST HAS BEEN .../ssDNA complex in the cell. As proposed in the original article, to achieve greater efficacy, researchers...possible reason for the trickiness of NgAgo is the inability of mature NgAgo protein to load an ssDNA guide... message thus far, based on survey respondents "Final Verdict", is that more time is required for NgAgo...

...interfere with their differentiation potential. Finally, retroviruses are prone to insertional mutagenesis...lentiviral vector, but transient expression of Cre recombinase allows for deletion of the inserted transgenes...plasmid contains the gene(s) of interest flanked by terminal repeat sequences, which the PB transposase recognizes...it’s replication competent, it’s difficult to eliminate the virus from all cells, even after many passages...compared to integrating approaches. These methods eliminate the risk of insertional mutagenesis, the presence... outcome, since not all cell types are easily attainable, or easy to reprogram. Basically, there’s no ...

...at each step in the storage process. After the original sample is barcoded, the lab team takes over and.... Each plate has numbers and letters to give coordinates, from A1 through H12. Each plate is also barcoded...technique and controls to ensure that nothing is contaminated. We use filtered pipet tips and prepare fresh...be transformed into different cells than were originally requested. Most of our samples (98.2%) transform... - from deposited DNA to transformed cells and finally to bacterial glycerol stocks that are used to fulfill...

... other. For reference, individual presynaptic terminals, which are jam packed with everything needed for... evenly in all directions to several times its original size. Depending on the protocol, samples can be...expand unevenly, introducing distortions in your final images. It is possible to keep distortions to a ...careful execution, but they cannot be entirely eliminated. It is recommended that you image samples before...10.1038/s41587-022-01546-1  Mikhaylova M, Cloin BMC, Finan K, et al (2015) Resolving bundled microtubules using...

...cytosolic MDH (hMDH1). They then expressed the original and recombinant enzymes in bacteria, purified them to ... broader scientific community represents the culmination of many such experiences. For example, students...students in Provost’s course recently used a combination of phylogenetic analysis, structural prediction, ... to community colleges, and has helped provide original research experiences for thousands of undergraduates...

...to where you would like to introduce the edit. Finally, you must stipulate what sequence to introduce,...repairing DNA double strand breaks – (HR). HR is the dominant homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway in mammalian... of a DNA double strand break by homologous recombination.    Designing donors for HDR The basis of...your cells. Enrich S-phase cells HR operates predominantly in S and G2 phase of the cell cycle, when a ...D. W., Shah, S. S., Heyer, W. D. Homologous recombination and the repair of DNA double strand breaks. ...

...multiple dyes Commercially available Not recombinant; Require animal sacrifice Poor tissue penetration... staining Can be expensive Nanobodies   Recombinant; do not require animal sacrifice Good tissue ...be expressed in bacteria, making nanobodies a recombinant and renewable anti-IgG reagent. Their small size...antibody-nanobody mix can be added to your sample, thus eliminating the secondary antibody incubation. See figure...Nanobodies will bind to the column due to their N-terminal His14-bdNEDD8 tag. After several washes, this ...

...target antigen in a sample. While Engvall et al. originally developed the ELISA assay to measure antibody...secondary antibodies can cross-react with samples, eliminating them from the procedure removes one potential...non-specific binding or false positives.  If testing a recombinant protein, especially one with tags, be sure to...the endogenous protein, since folding of the recombinant protein may differ from the native form, which...addgene.org The Addgene Antibody GuideAddgene's recombinant antibody collection...

...Different pseudotyped viruses are differentially inactivated by nonspecific complement mechanisms in serum...anti-alphaGal antibodies. The VSV-G envelope protein is inactivated by serum regardless of the producer cell type...high concentrations as described above and is inactivated by the complement system in serum (DePolo et ...inflammatory response, but are not taken up by axon terminals and can’t be used for neuronal tracing or peripheral...Vector Particles Produced in Human Cells Are Inactivated by Human Serum. Molecular Therapy 2:218–222 ....