...plasmids are small circular pieces of DNA that replicate independently from the host's chromosomal DNA. They... modify, or construct a plasmid. A plasmid is a small circular piece of DNA found in bacterial cells, ...designed to introduce foreign DNA into another cell. Minimally, lab-created plasmids have an origin of replication...

...basis of transduction Transductions utilize the ‘normal’ mechanism of viral infiltration into a cell. The...be integrated into the host genome? Expressed episomally long-term? Expressed short-term? Answering these...non-integrating (adenovirus and AAV) but can still express episomally long-term (AAV). If you perform a lipid-based...transposon system, CRISPR targeted strategy, etc.) and episomal expression will last ~2-7 days at moderate levels...

...or other affected people, man/animal vs nature, anthropomorphized animals, or even seemingly unrelated ...Summer SciComm Series! We hope you've enjoyed this small glimpse into the world of science communication ...these pieces aren't always appropriate for your formal scientific communications, they are fantastic fodder...

...interested in studying animals than plants, and biology teachers’ preference for using animal systems to demonstrate...challenges than does working with animals. Because Arabidopsis is small, has a short life cycle, and is ...

...Then at your preferred time points, sacrifice the animals and fix the samples. When you use AAVs, it typically...typically takes a few weeks to achieve optimal expression of XFPs. Any longer and the cells may start to...to show morphological abnormalities due to the excessive amount of XFPs expressed. Then, clear the samples...suppressing transcription. It is critical to express a minimal amount of tTA to achieve highest expression levels...

...cellular dynamics with light by modifying EB1. EB1 normally sits on microtubules to attract other proteins... can be used to visualize RNA localization in mammalian cells. These tools consist of cobalamin-binding...in vivo. These new “Riboglow” probes contain a smaller RNA tag, are less prone to photobleaching, and ...your own experiments, mCarmine is available in a mammalian expression vector (pcDNA3) and a bacterial expression...

...and serotype did you use and what animal subject did you use? For animal subjects it is helpful to report...experimental details (e.g. titer, injection site, animal strain used). Similar to the goodwill of Addgene... Immunohistochemistry? Did you use any relevant animal treatment conditions like drugs (Chemogenetics)...

...scicomm efforts fall under informal learning; however, many others partner with formal learning to engage students...peers can and do consume science communication.  Formal education is education that is provided through...fully and freely engage or disengage at will.  Informal education is education that is provided, typically...

...Latin for 'it'), as “a generic term for any extrachromsomal hereditary determinant”. His proposal, however...1960s when scientists began to study other extrachromosomal particles, particularly Resistance or R-factors... deli in 1972. Using a deli napkin for paper, a small group of scientists including Stanley Falkow, Stanley...genes from different bacterial (and eventually mammalian) species were cloned into plasmids and new cloning...

...most of this new relationship? Consider adding formality and active goal setting to your mentoring relationships... Check out Joanne's Reddit AMA Add a little formality to mentoring Just getting together and chatting...phone, etc.)? Make agendas for your meetings, take informal minutes on what was covered and learned, especially...do after I get my PhD) and break them down into smaller, actionable steps (e.g. Meet 10 PhDs with interesting...

...Pasteur, Paris) that changed genome editing in the malaria community for the better (Nat. Biotechnol., 2014...Plasmodium falciparum (the parasite that causes malaria). I attribute their success to technical expertise...thoughtful single guide RNA (sgRNA) design, and the abnormally low GC content of the Plasmodium falciparum genome...Examples: “organism agnostic”, “model organisms”, “small genome”, “large genome”, and “organism biased scoring...Ghorbal, Mehdi, et al. "Genome editing in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum using the CRISPR-Cas9...

... to test if a type of antibodies from an Andean mammal called alpaca could neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 virus...In the example above, for example, we fostered a formal scientific collaboration between two research groups...transient partnerships where a researcher makes a small but crucial contribution to someone else’s project...find the right expert and the lack of credit for small contributions. We strive to eliminate these two ...

...same cellular location, all at once! Small molecules What type of small molecules can you monitor with biosensors...thing that you care about within your cellular or animal system. This ‘thing’ could be a neurotransmitter... those which can be applied in cell culture and animal models primarily. Fun fact: Almost all of the biosensors...

...to deliver Cas9 and your gRNA of interest into mammalian cells. This vector was the top requested plasmid...) V2.0 - This plasmid from the Zhang lab is a mammalian vector that expresses both SpCas9 and your gRNAs...scrambled shRNA is used as a negative control for mammalian RNAi experiments.  Find the scrambled shRNA vector...2A-GFP (PX461). pSpCas9(BB)-2A-Puro (PX459) - This mammalian expression vector encodes both SpCas9 and your...

...characterized by the Oakes and Doudna Labs, which is both small and potentially less likely to elicit a strong immune...also shows promise for in vivo research due to its small size and specificity relative to Cas9. As scientists...Teng, Fei, et al. "Repurposing CRISPR-Cas12b for mammalian genome engineering." Cell discovery 4.1 (2018)...Read our CRISPR guide Find CRISPR plasmids for mammalian systems ...

...genetically engineered receptors to interact with small molecules to elicit a response in a certain cell...genetically modified receptors are activated by small molecules to either activate or inhibit neuronal...to respond to specific, pharmacologically-inert, small molecules. These new receptors were termed Designer...muscarinic receptor family and are activated by small molecule ligands such as clozapine-N-oxide (CNO)...

...long. The small size of the polyhistidine tag minimizes the chance of the tag disrupting normal protein ...function. In contrast, the polyhistidine tag is very small and rarely affects protein function (Bornhorst 2000...histidine-containing protein contamination, such as mammalian production systems, consider using these more ...

... and have a diverse range of functions within mammalian cells. Here, we will cover how these structures.... Unlike dsRNA, DNA:RNA hybrids are abundant in normal cells and are arise from a ssRNA engaging one strand...putting DNA at risk. Consequences of duplexed RNA Mammalian cells have multiple receptors in place to sense...strands to re-pair. The two dominating RNases in mammalian cells (RNase H1 and H2) handle most of these intermediates...

...ways scientists communicate with each other: from formal mechanisms like publishing a research article, ...or submitting patent or grant applications; to informal settings like lab meetings, Twitter, coffee chats...before, submitting the manuscript to a journal for formal peer review. Some organizations, including some...preprints are eventually published in journals after formal peer review, with the earlier attention and feedback...

... were in the cytoplasm of dendrites, and only a small proportion were found on the plasma membrane (top...neurons, most of them were still cytoplasmic. Use of ‘small’ tags to identify proteins Given the limited expression...plasma membrane. The haemagglutinin (HA) tag is a small 9 amino acid epitope of the haemagglutinin of the...mice and monkeys. Surprisingly, we found that this small change made a big difference. Replacing the mCherry...