...opto-chemogenetic fusion proteins of a light-emitting luciferase and a light-sensing optogenetic element. When...neurotransmission. This, and the fact that GPCR ligands can have high potency, which is potentially important for dosing...off-target effects in vivo and the receptors exhibited high levels of constitutive activity, making them less...luciferin) is added, the luciferase enzyme generates light that activates the opsin. The opsin may excite or...illumination), making LMOs a versatile option. Coupling brighter bioluminescent modules, such as luciferase-fluorescent...example, a study in rats using an hM4Di receptor might consider an alternative DREADD ligand such as DCZ... chemogenetics by using physical and biological light sources for opsin activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci...