...phage display assays, ubiquitination activity assays, toxin activity, small molecule binding, growth rate...discover unexpected epistatic changes in protein activity. See Natarajan et al for an example of this. .... Stephany, and Stanley Fields. “Measuring the Activity of Protein Variants on a Large Scale Using Deep...These enzymes, Nt.BbvCI and Nb.BbvCI, recognize the same restriction site, but nick opposite strands of DNA...: The second mutant strand is synthesized in the same manner as the first mutant strand, but a universal...followed by the top strand. Both produced about the same number of positive clones. See Supplementary Note...primers? The key is to design primers that are the same sense as the strand of DNA degraded in the first...

...transcriptional repression, activity dependent de-repression, chromatin remodeling, gene activation, and more. How ...and aggressive plan to use gene editing, MECP2 reactivation, RNA editing, gene replacement therapy, RNA ...syndrome can be inherited. In females, random X inactivation results in approximately half of cells expressing...expressing mutant MECP2 . Skewing of these X inactivation ratios can affect disease severity. The MECP2...variability in symptoms even within patients with the same mutation, the location and type of MECP2 mutation...cell line repository (Link opens in a new window) Sampled - one of the world's largest biorepositories (Link...direction and degree of skewing of X-chromosome inactivation. J Med Genet . 44, 148–152. (Link opens in a...

...interactions can be discovered by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The mode #2 phosphosite library... a Program of OPTN/NDP52 Recruitment and TBK1 Activation to Promote Mitophagy. Heo JM, Ordureau A, Paulo...Muir P, Szeligowski RV, Rogulina S, Gerstein M, Sampson JR, Isaacs FJ, Rinehart J. Nat Biotechnol. 2018...

... Cas9 activity in my stable A549 cell pools. Using this virus, it’s expected that Cas9 activity, guided...green despite having active Cas9 (see tip 2). Pro-Tips 1. To quantify Cas9 activity using this assay, you...Rational design of highly active sgRNAs for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene inactivation. Doench JG, Hartenian ...described in Optimized sgRNA design to maximize activity and minimize off-target effects of CRISPR-Cas9...make my first CRISPR/Cas9 gene edit. I wanted to inactivate the gene BRAF (a kinase implicated in several... bottom of the gel in the BRAF gRNA-transduced samples (data not shown). Pro-Tips: 1.Designing primers...

...where it is cleaved to generate an active enzyme. Pho8 phosphatase activity or the molecular weight shift ...degraded) and it is slow. Alkaline phosphatase activity: In yeast, the PHO8 gene encodes a vacuolar alkaline...secretory pathway, and then cleaved to generate an active form of the protein. To monitor autophagy, the ...induced and quantified by measuring the amount of radioactivity in the culture supernatant (this is indicative... practice to compare degradation rates between samples treated with or without an autophagy inhibitor....expressed. Pho8Δ60 localizes to the cytosol in an inactive form unless autophagy is induced. Then non-selective...

...Addgene. 4. Kiani, Samira, et al. “Cas9 gRNA engineering for genome editing, activation and repression.”...induce genome editing. If used with catalytically active Cas9, the short, CRISPRainbow gRNA will permit ...been previously described for transcriptional activation/repression and genome editing. Ready to make...When Using Fluorescent Proteins Control Protein Activity with GFP Resources on Asddgene.org Find Fluorescent...

...in the helical structure of spider silk, or the activity of a protein in a synapse. What kinds of tools...to measure specific small biomolecules or gene activity are often intramolecular probes, as the linker...protein-protein interactions, measure the concentration or activity of small molecules, detect cellular processes ...spring”) (Meng et al., 2008), and monitor neuronal activity (voltage sensors), to name a few.   Find Many ...contain the donor and acceptor fluorophore on the same protein and are useful when a process affects the...

...optical stimulation will be erratic, opsin activation/inactivation inconsistent, and behavioral results impossible...each opsin variant has slightly different activation/inactivation kinetics. For example, the light-gated ...receive sufficient quantities of photons to become activated. Light is able to penetrate brain tissue a short... Britt JP, et al. Use of channelrhodopsin for activation of CNS neurons. Current protocols in neuroscience...be at least 85% of the initial laser output. The same considerations apply to the polishing and preparation...

...polymerase, which has 3′→5′ exonuclease activity. T4’s polymerase activity can be thwarted if no dNTPs are available...to polymerize, allowing the slower exonuclease activity to proceed. By including only one type of dNTP...allows both insert and vector to be digested in the same tube. Alternatively, SLIC can also work directly...using multiple fragments that share homology in the same reaction. In these cases, the use of another cloning...

...Tet-controlled transactivator (tTA, also expressed by your transfer vector) binds to the TRE and activates the expression...promoter of the 5’LTR has been deleted to reduce its activity. A CMV or an EF1α promoter has been inserted in...improving the safety of these vectors is still an active area of research due to the possibility that mutation...have to be aware that there is often  background activity and it requires continuous administration of Dox...GFP encoded virus, and the reverse transcriptase activity assay uses qPCR to quantify viral RNA. All of ...microglia. This property makes the lentivirus an attractive choice for a gene transfer vector. Lentiviral...are working with proto-oncogenes or with human samples that have not been tested for HIV.  If not using...

...or is engineered not to cleave DNA and instead activates/represses gene expression by various mechanisms...nicking/cleaving of DNA occurs, not for deadCas activator/repressor experiments where only localization ...by Cas does not always correlate with catalytic activity at those sites, especially when DNA mismatches...for non-cutters If your Cas experiment involves activation/repression or any other effect which does not...RNA-seq would be an appropriate method for an activator or repressor Cas. Similarly, Cas ChIP-Seq would...If you are performing CRISPR library screens, the same principle holds true - the higher the number of ...

...editing of genomes. It will also allow simultaneous activation and/or repression of multiple genes, and more...Editing CRISPR-Cas9: Tips for Optimizing sgRNA Activity Lentiviral CRISPR Libraries Enable Genome-Scale...to modify the expression of multiple genes at the same time.” For more details on how to apply the new ...

...you are trying activate a gene, you should design a control that shows maximal activation. Likewise if ...cells. Regardless, the amount of reporter protein activity correlates to both the amount of DNA transfected...were derived from the same source and were incubated on the same plate at the same time. Although the replicate...separate wells (within the same plate) with purified plasmid from the same aliquot/preparation. The replicate...provide the baseline/standard against which other samples can be compared. The Empty Vector Control (mentioned...control in this experiment could be an shRNA—in the same backbone as Plasmid A—that does not target any mammalian...". Biological replicates are what makes up your sample size (aka your n value)" and should come from multiple...

... be used to knockout, activate or repress target genes in plants using the same general experimental design... al., 2013). Nuclease dead Cas9 (dCas9) based activators (such as dCas9-VP64) or repressors (dCas9-KRAB...KRAB or dCas9-SRDX) can also be used to activate or repress target genes in plant cells, respectively. ...carries Cas9-containing plasmids for knockout, activation and repression of target genes in plants and ... expression of both Cas9 and the gRNA off of the same plasmid. Delivering CRISPR components to plant cells...

... the appropriate antibiotics, and a section for active pouring. Prepare your antibiotics. Prior to adding...growth. See our sample data section below for positive and negative test results. Sample Data In all cases...Transfer the sterile water (in our case 220 mL) to the same bottle and swirl to form a medium/agar colloid. ...will darken during the autoclave process if your sample has spent at least 10 min at 121 ℃. Use lab tape...the autoclave and run on a setting that gets the sample to at least 121 ℃ under 20 psi for at least 30 ... any weird and wonderful organisms. While your samples are sterilizing in the autoclave, you should prepare...

... hyperthermostable Cas9 CRISPR nuclease that is active up to 100°C.  The IgnaviCas9 protein is 1,241 amino...time periods and workflows where CRISPR nuclease activity is desired and time or protocol steps can be saved...highly complex hot spring sample. The sample was separated into smaller samples of 5-10 cells each for sequencing...biological dark matter and so the lab organized a sampling trip to Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Extremophiles...from these extreme environments. Gearing up for sample collection at the hot springs My husband, Paul ...post doc in the Quake Lab, volunteered to do the sampling and I happily agreed to accompany him to YNP the... and two deep cycle batteries for power so the samples could be kept frozen after collection. In September...

...signal. The same effect can be achieved for a fluorophore that relies on dimerization for activation, only ...Using a combination of SELEX and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of E. coli transformed with...Experiments Learn more about GFP Controlling Protein Activity with GFP Resources at Addgene.org Find the Spinach...context of a paired fluorophore protein. Years later, Samie Jaffrey’s laboratory took advantage of their deep... Jaffrey lab asked:  Could an RNA aptamer do the same thing? Using the HBI derivative 3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxybenzylidene...· February 2008. 11. Svensen, Nina and Jaffrey, Samie R. “Fluorescent RNA Aptamers as a Tool to Study ...

...composed of two parts: 1) an activatable protein (the FAP - fluorogen activating protein - dL5** in this case...), and 2) a fluorogen (the TAP - targeted and activated photosensitizer - MG-2I in this case). The fluorogen... blood circulation of following FAP-TAP light activation. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOtH5bs4HiI... to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS produced by photosensitizers inactivate target proteins...exposure times (5 minutes vs 10 seconds) to achieve the same level of killing as Mg-2I-dL5**. Mg-2I-dL5** also...allows for precise light-based control of protein inactivation/cell ablation while having limited collateral... Hahn, K. (2008). Chromophore-assisted laser inactivation in cell biology. Trends in Cell Biology,18(9...

...of interest (analyte), and accumulation of ATP activated GFP expression (receptor), then the transducer... muscle contraction, and calcium channels are activated for neuronal action potentials; it’s an ion of...cellular dynamics during so-called housekeeping activities.       Viruses and biosensors So how...monitoring of different factors, in different or the same cellular location, all at once! Small molecules ...

...regulatory regions that are necessary for myosin activity and thus interaction with actin in nonmuscle systems...restricted to the dorsal mesoderm, is necessary to activate bagpipe which is localized to segmental clusters...Pascale, and Roger Karess. "Myosin light chain–activating phosphorylation sites are required for oogenesis...Jianqiao, and Helen White-Cooper. "Transcriptional activation in Drosophila spermatogenesis involves the mutually...call a gene required for spermatogenesis after a Sesame Street character? The scientists who discovered...