...blog Viral Vectors 101: Viral Vector Elements Viral Vectors 101: Types of Viruses Viral Vectors 101: Viral...would not be great for a gene therapy vector! For viral vectors, only the protein for reverse transcriptase...components of the vector particle, some of the RT protein gets packaged inside of the vector particle, along...and this is where viral vectors and natural viruses diverge. For the viral vector, its job as a tool is ...Central PMCID: PMC372876 Dong, W., & Kantor, B. (2021). Lentiviral Vectors for Delivery of Gene-Editing Systems...seem like an unlikely candidate to use as a viral vector, but retroviruses have been developed into some...gamma-retroviruses — that have been developed into retroviral vectors and 2.) a subclass of retroviruses called the lentiviruses...

...Bicistronic vectors combine excitation and inhibition by using both excitatory and inhibitory channels activated...BioRender.com.   Opto-G-protein coupled receptors  G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) regulate cellular function...some broad classes of optogenetic tools, and what factors to consider when choosing one.     Figure...light-gated ion channels, optogenetic G-protein coupled receptors (OptoXRs), and photoswitches. Light-gated ion ...stimulation to either activate or inhibit a specific receptor or pathway.  Light-gated ion channels Light activated...light within a specific range of wavelengths. Excitatory channels allow positively charged ions such as...gradient to depolarize it (Nagel et al., 2003). Inhibitory opsins are usually light-driven pumps that pass...

... on the Addgene blog Viral Vectors 101: Types of Viruses Viral Vector Elements Tips for Preventing... contact with than GFP. Similarly, if the viral vector carries an shRNA to a gene essential for cellular...cellular function, this would also be a higher risk vector. While it is unlikely that you, or anyone else ... you can receive appropriate treatment and/or monitoring. Virus-specific concerns   In nature, some viruses..., some adenovirus strains are known to cause respiratory diseases in humans, earning this virus a BSL-...

...Viral Vectors 101: Viral Vector Elements Viral Vectors 101: An Introduction to AAV Viral Vectors 101:...heterologous envelope or a post-transcriptional regulatory element can be used for either type of retrovirus...clinical settings. AAV is also a cool tool in the laboratory! It is ideal for whole animal administration,...population. Some adenoviruses are known to cause respiratory disease across species, as well as cancer in ...strains have been engineered to induce a lower inflammatory response within hosts. Relative to the other... Galla M, Baum C, Schambach A. Gammaretroviral vectors: biology, technology and application. Viruses. ...

...(scAAV) vector. Full-length ssAAV vector genome of both polarities are rescued from the vector plasmid...about Viral Vector Elements Resources on Addgene.org Read Our AAV Guide Find AAV Vectors Browse All ...make AAV ideal for human therapies and in vivo laboratory experiments ranging from transient gene expression...a type 2 ITR and a type 8 serotype. Almost all vectors contain type 2 ITRs, which comes from the AAV2 ...capsid (outer protein shell) used to package an rAAV vector; these capsids allow the virus to infect (or not...multiple small genes, you can design single rAAV vectors with multiple genes packaged in them and use elements...or second strand synthesis. In contrast, a scAAV vector with half the size of the ssAAV genome has a mutation...

...Browse Our Viral Vector Pages Learn About Viral Vector Biosafety Deposit Your Viral Vectors ...We offer a variety of viral vectors, viral services and even a Viral Vectors eBook to get you started. ... terrains. They are, in fact, a choice delivery vector from basic science research all the way to clinical... long-term, and even inducibly depending on the vector and virus. Viral CRISPR-Cas9 tools have been...interest, turning expression off permanently. Viral vectors can also be used to express proteins. Viral expression...of interest, and often a selectable marker. This vector can express your construct in target cells transiently...mechanisms require a specific modification of the viral vector for your gene of interest – an shRNA sequence specific...

...the first base transversion editor The story of base transversion editors starts with researchers in the...Cytosine Base Editor Converts C → T; the first type of base editor invented. ABE Adenine Base Editor Converts...a glycosylase base editor (GBE). GBE Glycosylase Base Editor A base editor that relies on DNA glycosylation...The first base editors revolutionized CRISPR gene editing. Cytosine base editors (CBEs) and adenine base...transversion editors. Red arrows indicate a conversion directly catalyzed by the base editor. Black arrows... depends on cellular factors. Multiple labs tried to identify beneficial factors to include in even better...DNA repair proteins to the base editor, they added the pioneer factor SOX2, which is capable of binding...

...ready-to-use viral vectors in the Addgene repository  Name Serotype Category Depositor  Notes pAAV.CAGFLEX... new preps available in the Addgene viral vector repository with a nice cup of hot chocolate is absolutely...retrograde Looking for more viral vectors? Browse our in-stock viral vectors or consider our AAV Packaged ...Hub can help, with over 100 user-submitted viral vector reports. And don't forget to use the link below...below to keep up with the latest in Addgene's viral vector services and resources!   This blog post was written...Addgene's Data Hub What is a Virus (and a Viral Vector)?  AAV Variables that Matter...

... Lucky Thirteen: Guest Contributors of 2023 8 Great Depositor Research Stories Interested in contributing...Kits We are very grateful for each and every contributor to the blog. Thank you! More resources on the...

... Antibody Characterization Laboratory Cancer Any Data repository From the Frederick National Library...notes) Any Data repository Only accepts data for antibodies in Addgene’s repository  IBEX Knowledge-Base...Data repository See blog post mAb3D Atlas Mouse and human brain  IHC Data repository See...there are websites that can help: Antibody data repositories, which share validation data, and antibody search...using antibody search engines and antibody data repositories to find an antibody for your experiment. Search...available antibodies from many vendors, while data repositories share validation and experimental data to help...familiar with in Table 1.  Table 1: Antibody data repositories and search engines Website Targets Application...

...ready-to-use viral vectors in the Addgene repository  Name Serotype Category Depositor  Notes AAV-GfaABC1D-Cre... new preps available in the Addgene viral vector repository! This includes the first Addgene prep packaged... AAV9-X1.1!  We also have eight new AAV-PHP.eB vectors from the Jonathan Ting lab at the Allen Institute...carried out before. We have a bunch of other new AAV vectors as well — including next-generation biosensors ...multiple serotypes Looking for more viral vectors? Browse the full viral services collection or check... check out Addgene's Data Hub to see viral vector reports from other users. And don't forget to use the...below to keep up with the latest in Addgene's viral vector services and resources!   This blog post was written...

...ready-to-use viral vectors in the Addgene repository  Name Serotype Category Depositor  Notes pAAV_hSyn-SIO-stChrimsonR-EGFP-P2A-PdCO-miniWPRE...What's new in Addgene's ready-to-use viral vectors repository? Quite a bit! In this post, we'll share the... the 20 additions we've made to our viral vectors repository since March.  Addgene is now offering an...This is an "optoGPCR" (coupled to Go, so it's an inhibitory opsin!) and due to its bistable nature, it enables... multiple serotypes Looking for more viral vectors? Browse the full viral services collection or check... check out Addgene's Data Hub to see viral vector reports from other users. And don't forget to use the...below to keep up with the latest in Addgene's viral vector services and resources!   This blog post was written...

...made to our viral vectors repository this year (and it's only March!)  In our repository, you'll find the...What's new in Addgene's ready-to-use viral vectors repository? Quite a bit! In this post, we'll share the...as seven vectors newly available in the AAV PHP.eB serotype. We've also added two viral vectors that can...these new vectors, and many more, in the table below.    Table 1: New ready-to-use viral vectors in the ...the Addgene repository  Name Serotype Category Depositor  Notes AAV-CAG-jGCaMP8s-WPRE AAV1 Biosensor...St-Pierre New viral vector pAAV-hSyn-JEDI-2P-WPRE AAV9 Biosensor St-Pierre New viral vector pAAV-CAG-RdLight1... Tian New viral vector pAAV-hSynapsin1-RdLight1 AAV9 Biosensor Tian New viral vector pAAV_hSynapsin_psychLight2...

...confirms the previously suggested inhibitory mechanism of locomotor sensitization and might open new ways...studies using viral vectors in behavioral neuroscience. With the ability of viral vectors to fine tune gene...all of our viral vectors blog posts Find tips for getting started with viral vectors for behavioral neuroscience...is activating, inhibiting, or modulating. Viral vectors, in contrast, are considerably more versatile and...behavioral tests, but now we’ll focus on how viral vectors have changed the scope and power of three commonly...tests To study and quantify locomotion, scientists monitor an animal’s movement in an open field box or a ...particles expressing an activating chemogentic receptor (hM3Dq) into a subset of neurons within the LC...

...plasmids use Rho-independent terminators, which include naturally occurring terminators, such as T7 and rrnB,...engineered terminators come close (>95%). For most purposes, however, any common terminator will suffice...suffice. Many commercial expression vectors use double terminators to reduce unwanted translation of downstream...require binding of termination factors. Although both are termination factor dependent, Polymerases I and...Posttranscriptional Regulatory Element Enhances Expression of Transgenes  Delivered by Retroviral Vectors. Journal...of yeast terminators of varying strength. A discussion of the effects of various terminators in the context...termination and polyadenylation? The role of the terminator, a sequence-based element, is to define the end...

...deposited into repositories, and financial support to maintain repositories’ capacity for storing, validating...through a repository, they remain accessible during these times. Centralized reagent repositories, also known...dedicated facilities and manpower that a repository provides. Repositories around the world facilitate the rapid... the scientific community can support repositories. Repositories are essential for the advancement of ...original sources. Figure 1: Biological repositories that distribute mouse strains, plasmids, cell...Culture Collection (ATCC) is a private, nonprofit repository for a variety of materials for life science research... sharing and distribution of cell lines from repositories on opposite sides of the world shows that science...

...ve added many new tools to our inventory of ready-to-use viral vectors. Here are some of the AAV and lentiviral...Serotype Testing AAV inventory for the entire collection! Plasmid Serotype Name Depositor 27056 AAVrg pAAV-Ef1a-DIO...pAAV-EF1a-Flp-DOG-NW Connie Cepko Viral vectors coming soon! These vectors listed below should be released at... of our viral vectors blog posts Find tips for preparing AAVs Download our viral vectors 101 eBook Resources...mDlx enhancer element. Plasmid Serotype Name Depositor 75470 AAV1 pAAV-CAG-FLEXFRT-ChR2(H134R)-mCherry...promotes neuronal firing. Plasmid Serotype Name Depositor 44361 AAV1 pAAV-hSyn-DIO-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry Bryan...also available in AAV1. Plasmid Serotype Name Depositor 69570 AAV1 pAAV-EF1a-N-CretrcintG Connie Cepko...

...ve added many new tools to our inventory of ready-to-use viral vectors. Here are some of the AAV we have...pAAV.hSynapsin.SF-iGluSnFR.A184S Viral vectors coming soon! These vectors should be packaged and available ... of our viral vectors blog posts Find tips for preparing AAVs Download our viral vectors 101 eBook Resources...few months. You can also browse our entire AAV inventory. Our new AAVs include: Optogenetics AAV Control...in new serotypes. See our Serotype Testing AAV inventory for the entire collection! Plasmid Serotype...norepinephrine Neuroscience research relies on accurate monitoring of neurotransmitters and we are excited to offer...

...science stories. Here are some of our favorite spooky science stories. Six spooky science stories Zombie...Plasmid pumpkins, team costumes, and spooky science stories. Yes, please! At Addgene, we love finding ways ...Vampire bacteria Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus is a predatory bacteria that attaches to the cell wall of green...forcing it out of hiding to become exposed to predators. Hungry birds spots the “caterpillar” and then... "Back from the dead; the curious tale of the predatory cyanobacterium Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus." ...

...Therapeutics, co-founded by Harvard Investigators and Addgene depositors David Liu, PhD, Keith Joung, PhD...to Rett Syndrome, this blog post describes the history of Rett Syndrome research, the role of the MECP2...exhibit slow head growth, develop seizures, cardio-respiratory dysfunction, distinctive hand movements, and ...& Bird, 2019) and is a global transcriptional regulator of thousands of genes. Studies have suggested ...neurological deficits observed in Rett Syndrome. Restoring the MECP2 gene by excision of the Stop cassette...precise amount of protein to each brain cell to restore physiological levels. Much research is now focused...researchers developed adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors for the targeted delivery of a functional MECP2...