...updated version of BRET called BRET2. Figure 1: TRUPATH measures heterotrimeric G protein dissociation...-visual G protein signal transducers (collectively known as the transducerome) that can be activated downstream...Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET). BRET is similar to Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), in which...non-visual G protein transducers. To use the TRUPATH system, cells are transfected with plasmids expressing...including smell, taste, sight, inflammation, and neurotransmission. But with approximately 950 different human...involved in sight (Olsen RHJ et al., 2020). A transducer complex consists of a trimer of three subunits...such a tool is being able to identify specific transducer complexes that are activated in response to a...

...the most out of their meetings. Amanda Gunn ran randomized coffee trials for us at ASCB|EMBO 2019, matching... Figure 1: The Binning Singletons logo. Image: James et al., 2020. Help me stranger - Finding mentors...within a bin as Horizontal Transfer. This comes from horizontal gene transfer, which occurs when bacteria...in Atlanta, GA, in 2018. A lot of my experiences rang true with theirs.  It was at this dinner and the...

...enables the high-resolution tracking of more than 1 million cancer cells under drug treatment.” Stegmeier...members to the Board of Directors: Khandan Baradaran, Frank Stegmeier, and Luk Vandenberghe. We’re excited...members and get to know them! Khandan Baradaran, PhD Khandan Baradaran’s expertise in viral safety, gene therapy... with health authority regulations,” Baradaran says.  Baradaran’s path to science began in high school... getting these reagents is profound.” Frank Stegmeier, PhD Frank Stegmeier is the Chief Scientific Officer...in viral genetics. In regards to open science, Baradaran thinks the best way to solve problems is to work...think will get the research funded,” she says. Baradaran met Addgene Executive Director Joanne Kamens several...

...brain where DA quantitation is desired (Figure 1). The probe perfuses liquid, which causes the passive diffusion...dopamine (DA), a well-known reward chemical and neurotransmitter. But aside from DA’s famous role as the “happy...standard method of measuring DA and other neurotransmitters in the brain has been in vivo microdialysis...performed with a probe surrounded by a semipermeable membrane, which is inserted into the region of the brain... diffusion of DA across the semipermeable membrane from the extracellular fluid into the perfused liquid... to a threatening looming stimulus in vivo in transgenic zebrafish Report DA release in live mice over...developments in the detection and measurement of neurotransmitters in various species and while exhibiting complex...

... to just that particular assay.      Fig. 1: A native protein (left) is denatured, allowing the...bound to anything? Is it a transmembrane protein, or is it know to translocate or fold in certain conditions...as part of performing a specific function. A transmembrane protein that is being used as a marker for flow...cell, instead of when it is attached to a cell membrane.  Picking the Right Antibody  It can get even ...looking for a protein of interest while it’s in a transition state or specific configuration. So how do you...

...vectors (e.g. pBV-Luc) and gene silencing (e.g. pLKO.1 - TRC cloning vector). Check out our complete guide...). If you can get away with generating transiently transfected cells, you will not need a mammalian selection...mammalian selection cassette to screen for positive transfected cells. The addition of an in-frame fluorescent...create a new strain with a disrupted gene by transforming wild-type yeast with an integrating vector expressing...majority of fly vectors are based on p-element, random or targeted, integration into the fly genome and...applications used to study gene function. From making transgenic animals, gene targeting and genome modifications...

...materials to the research community. References 1. Coroadinha, A. S., et al. "Effect of osmotic pressure... AAV2 interacts with the packaging cell's cell membrane When packaging adeno-associated viral vectors ...to be due to the viral particle’s affinity for heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the surface of the packaging...supernatant, the viral particles associate with the cell membrane and are taken into the cell via endocytosis. In...looking to improve their AAV yields. Given the wide range of downstream applications scientists rely on our...preparation. Through sugar detection assays, in vitro transduction, and silver stain approaches we show that there...test the endocytosis of a fluorescent dye and transduction of GFP-expressing AAV particles we did not observe...

...ScFvs, based on community demand. Figure 1: Antibody against PSD-95 from the Trimmer Lab. Information... our values of transparency, reproducibility, and community-building. The transparency begins with sharing...Addgene’s antibody resource is funded by a generous grant from the NIH’s Brain Research Through Advancing ...share plasmids with each other. Together, we can transform the antibody sharing landscape as well.     References... Improving Reproducibility through Rigor and Transparency of Experimental Methods. Neuron 90(3):434-6.... project is supported by a NIH BRAIN Initiative grant (U24NS119916 ). The content of this article is solely...

...the life scientist or bioengineer.   Figure 1: Map of a plasmid with its elements described below... origin of replication (which controls the host range and copy number of the plasmid) and typically include...for further study. Promoter Region Drives transcription of the target gene. Vital component for expression...cell types. Primer Binding Site A short single-stranded DNA sequence used as an initiation point for PCR...vector containing the newly inserted gene is transformed into bacterial cells and selectively grown on...biologists to broadly utilize plasmids across a wide range of applications. Some common plasmid types include...

...plasmids. The Zhang lab, on the other hand, uses a 1 plasmid, single infection system. Genome wide mouse...target cells that have previously been stably transfected for Cas9 expression. The Yusa lab has used their...

...literature? Very often the data of interest are in 1 or 2 figures from one paper and then another figure...preprints, data, software, micropublications) in grant proposals. ReFigures are one such research product...

...could be kept frozen after collection. Figure 1: Paul included a voltmeter on top of the battery box...ahead of time included contacting YNP staff to arrange permits to visit places not accessible to the public...night was fun but also very tiring. It feels a bit strange to be using a micropipette and gloves at a campsite...similar to a type II-C Cas9 from Parvibaculum lavamentivorans, whose optimal growth temperature is 30°C. ...rRNA in bacterial RNA-Seq. This enriches for transcripts of interest without an increase in the number...

...into three main effector functions.  Figure 1: Fc effector functions in an immune response to a ... the pores being opened in the pathogen’s cell membrane (Dunkelberger & Song, 2010). As cells cannot survive... survive when holes are punched in their membranes, the pore'd pathogens quickly lyse and die.  Antibody...where the eosinophils release cytotoxins via degranulation.  Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (...

...do researchers track fluorescently labeled cells? 1. Epifluorescence microscopy This technique uses a ...of the immune system and its dynamics. References 1. Peters, Nathan C., et al. "In vivo imaging reveals...for a growing organism to make the complicated transition from a clump of cells to a fully differentiated...cooperate to cause a higher-energy electronic transition in a fluorescent molecule (see figure to the ...past 15 years efforts have been made to create transgenic mice expressing fluorescent protein reporter ...microscopy enabled scientists to see how chaotic and random the scanning was and how fast T cells could jump...Blue-green fluorescent proteins like EGFP Yellow-orange fluorescent proteins like TagRFP, tdTomato, DsRed...

...targeting MNase to antibody bound proteins (Figure 1). Importantly, since Protein A has weaker affinity...sonification. Though it helps capture weaker or more transient DNA-protein interactions, the reliance on fixation...McKay lab we study how differential access to transcriptional regulatory elements is controlled during development...

...in online patient/caregiver communities  Table 1: Examples of defining your audience for science communication...  For example, while “PCR test” has recently transitioned from jargon to non-jargon in the context of ...number of characteristics. Common ones include age range, familiarity with the subject, shared interests,...

...year and happy reading! Top 10 blog posts of 2015 1. CRISPR 101: Homology Directed Repair Addgenie Chari...used to generate inversions, deletions, and translocations. It also provides researchers with many different...Where Do I Find One? If you need help making a transition into a new job or maybe to an entirely new career...

...Rechsteiner M. Cell. 1982 May;29(1):33-41. PubMed. Protein transduction: unrestricted delivery into all...protein Tat. Although CPP fusions can translocate a cell membrane, the presence of the CPP may alter protein... (78-79% after two rounds of transduction.) Compared to CCP transduction, iTOP is at least four times ..., and cell death post-transduction is low. Neuronal stem cells transduced with iTOP resulting in...lab suggests that primary cells may be better transduced using only protein. Read on for a description...description of the lab’s iTOP protein-only transduction method and its potential applications to CRISPR/Cas9 genome...genome editing.   Protein-only transduction? Niels Geijsen’s group in Utrecht wanted to pursue a nonviral...

...double-stranding step and reduces both the time and cost for AAV genome sequencing.  Figure 1: The...previously require a preliminary double stranding step. The double stranding step was assumed to be necessary...genome is single-stranded and both TA-based ligation and tagmentation require a double-stranded template.  ...extraction, the [+] and [-] strands might naturally associate forming a double-stranded species that could be...extract is a heterogeneous mix of single-stranded and double-stranded species. While not all of the molecules...extract associate with complementary strands, enough double-stranded species exist in the mix to serve as...viral genome We hypothesized that this double stranding step might not actually be necessary. Since the...

... Complex Synthetic Transcriptional Programs with CRISPR RNA Scaffolds. Cell, 160(1), 339-350 (2015). PubMed...recent paper, "Engineering Complex Synthetic Transcriptional Programs with CRISPR RNA Scaffolds." Adam has...visualize the concepts discussed in the paper. The transcriptional control of multiple loci is deftly coordinated...cerevisiae with few techniques that are easily transferrable across host species or metabolic pathways. A...CRISPR-based RNA scaffolds to mimic natural transcriptional programs on multiple genes. Modifying the ...synthetic RNA scaffolds that can recruit various transcriptional regulators (Zalatan et al. 2015).  These scaffolds...nucleotide sequence then subsequently recruit a transcriptional regulator to modulate expression at that locus...