...premature aging, and other harmful processes. The most dangerous type of DNA lesion results from breakage...double-strand break repair and their potential to induce chromosomal aberrations. Pfeiffer P, et al. Mutagenesis (...

...labeling cells for flow cytometric analysis, the most common method is a cell surface label, where fluorophore-conjugated...antibodies but on small molecule dyes, are useful, most notably when it comes to viability and proliferation...

... will be represented through FSC-A vs. SSC-A, so most people use that setting. Figure 2: As the...the two cell types (likely B cells and others). Almost no cells stain positively for both markers. When...

...neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and other ligands - almost A to Z! - from ATP to urotensin. The MTRIA sensors...pAAV-CAG-SomaGCaMP6f2 (AAV9) Plus, additional AAV serotypes of the most recent jGCaMP8 calcium sensors: pAAV-hSynapsin1...

...immune system’s response to foreign bodies, are the most commonly used affinity reagents. Antibodies are ...against the antigen, packaged, and sold. This is the most cost-efficient way to produce antibodies, with the... IgA2 IgD Coexpressed with IgM on the surface of most immature B cells; function is unknown Monomer with...anaphylactic shock Monomer with a valency of 2 IgG The most abundant isotype in blood, also found in tissues...Produced during the primary immune response; found mostly in blood Pentamer with a valency of 10 Antigen ... for exact storage requirements. As a guideline, most antibodies can be stored at 4 °C for short-term ...allow detection of the antibody:protein complex. The most commonly used types of signaling molecules are horseradish...

...like an actual sandwich! S'mores image from Evan Amos.   After the transfer, some areas of the membrane... x-ray film or with specific imaging devices. In most cases, the primary antibody, which binds the protein...

...works best with insertions of 2 kb or less. Luckily, most of the commonly used cassettes, such as fluorescent...independent core facilities for 13 projects, with most projects requiring only 40-60 zygotes to generate...

...are candidates for your experiments.  Wavelengths Most vectors have an optimal wavelength to use but can...publication, including the supplemental data. You’re most likely to find thorough characterization data, like...

...several ways to achieve multiplex IF. One of the most common approaches is to use sequential cycles of...are a few specific considerations to keep in mind. Most importantly, make sure you are using primary antibodies...

...research is needed to determine which recA- strains are most effective at reducing multimerization and define...of Multimeric Forms of Circular Plasmids and Chromosomes. Microbiol Spectr. 2014 Oct;2(5). doi: 10.1128...

...repurposed for genome editing in eukaryotes, with the most widely used CRISPR genome editing system derived... conventional methods. First, one can work with almost any strains of mice, as compared with conventional...

... very useful for genetic engineering approaches. Most importantly for this technology, however, is that...over transfecting with plasmids in some cell lines, most likely due to DNA toxicity. More importantly, unlike...

...expression in the retina and in parts of the brain, but almost none in the liver (A). In general, RNA levels tend...analyze the resulting data, so it may not be the most accessible option for many laboratories. Additionally...

... is a powerful experimental strategy, one of the most common concerns we get here at Addgene about this...-homologous pairs) (Figure 2.). They found that almost all off-target expression can be attributed to ...

...Using a DNA template for the RNAi trigger is the most prevalent method due to ease of use and capacity...actively silencing plants. Non-destructive methods, most popularly with a fluorescent reporter, directly ...

...recognize the same epitope of the target protein. Most commonly these antibodies are produced from hybridomas...fragments: An overview and comparison of three of the most versatile biosensor biorecognition elements. Biosensors...

...plasmids pX330S-2 to pX330S-(last gRNA number). The 5’ most gRNA is cloned into the Cas9-containing destination...Danilo, et al. “In vivo engineering of oncogenic chromosomal rearrangements with the CRISPR/Cas9 system.” ...

...many applications in biotech, and is considered the most studied Gram-positive bacterium, many of its genes...looking for the production of ECT-DNA (extra-chromosomal telomeric DNA), which accumulates when T-loops...

...the wild-type state, and is thus thought to be the most suitable virus for therapeutic applications. Clinical...host genome at a specific site, AAVS1 on human chromosome 19. This site is favored due to the presence ...preferred site of genomic integration on human chromosome 19, termed AAVS1. Instead, the rAAV genome is...molecular weight structures that are maintained extrachromosomally. rAAV are more likely than wild-type AAV ...been identified, with the best characterized and most commonly used being AAV2. These serotypes differ...

...There are 57 accepted human adenovirus types, and most adenoviral vectors are based on Ad5. Ad5-based vectors...AdEasy™, developed by Bert Vogelstein , is by far the most popular method for creating adenoviral vector constructs...The adenoviral backbone pAdEasy-1 is suitable for most purposes. For especially long transgenes, the use...promote bi-directional transcription Ad5-based vector Most common type of adenoviral vector pAdTrack Class ...