...had been processed since the declaration, only a small fraction (<1%) of authors have asked for advice ...Not quite. The PLOS policy on data access is a formal statement that is already practiced or required...wanted more time to mine their own data, with some smaller labs feeling that larger, better resourced, groups...behavioral geneticists may track the motion of multiple animals on different occasions via video, generating huge...scope of data to be shared to individual authors. Minimally, raw but sufficiently annotated data used to create...

...article are those of the author do not represent a formal stance taken by Addgene or its staff. In Washington...reality and science is how we learn about reality. Formally, a government can be defined as a social contract...into in order to protect their rights (2). Less formally, governments are the organizations that make and...often pandered to when strong or overlooked when small, but data is not going change depending on the number...article are those of the author do not represent a formal stance taken by Addgene or its staff. Many thanks...

...found that many researchers feel that they lack formal training in a variety of transferable skills. At...Mangement for Scientists. Back when I used to do mammalian cell culture, I would often respond to friends...other half of each day you can spend accomplishing small tasks (like... preparing plasmids to send to Addgene...the full experiment fails, you’ll still have made small accomplishments each day that should help keep you..., the task will likely be much easier. Having a formal plan for your day will make this easier - if you...

...There’s an astounding number of ways to create chromosomal mutations in bacteria, so many that it may be...introduced from a conjugative plasmid replaces the chromosomal copy. This is a versatile technique, and is less... with excellent efficiency using a commercial isothermal assembly master mix. Introduction of the strong...interest, from the day primers arrive, the desired chromosomal modification can be made in 5 days. Counter-selection...lambda red recombineering enables simplified chromosomal gene replacement in Escherichia coli." Appl. ...

...prokaryotic organism. With its fast growth rate, small size, and low cost, it’s understandable why E. coli...A close relative to the mouse, both are great mammalian models due to their size, physiology, and genetic...For these reasons rats were once the most used mammalian model in medical research with an archive of information...offspring (produces many seeds), self fertilizing, a small yet highly characterized genome, and is easily maintained... of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolution. Nature 428, 493–521 (2004). https:/...

...the HIV-1 genome had been excised, leaving only a small portion of the LTRs joined together. Clonal Cas9...preclinical HIV-1 research that should be pursued in animal models, and it’s difficult to tell if one approach...both cases, translating the in vitro work into an animal model comes with two key hurdles. The first is ...genomes will need to be sequenced to determine the optimal gRNAs for either “shock and kill” or viral excision...to determine if CRISPR/Cas9 escape occurs in an animal model. If these escape mutations are frequent, ...

...designing your plasmid – you carefully selected the optimal promoter for your gene of interest, painstakingly...coli are mainly found in the intestinal tract of animals. There are many different naturally occurring strains...arabinose as a carbon source leuB β-isopropyl malate dehydrogenase inactivated Requires exogenous leucine...is non-functional. If a gene is deleted, it is normally noted with a Greek delta (Δ).  Additional resources...of Replication The Promoter Region – Let's Go! Mammalian Vectors Looking for More Plasmids 101 Articles...

...terminals of axons form connections to dendrites of proximal neuronal cells. In the specific example of episodic..., pressure injection or iontophoresis (applying small electric currents via inserted electrodes) may be...clearer picture of neuronal connectivity in the mammalian brain (Wickersham et al., 2007; plasmids at Addgene...Addgene’s AAV guide. AAV particles are relatively small (20 nm) in size which makes them capable of diffusing...If Cre-dependent vectors are used in transgenic animals that express Cre in only specific cell types, for... titration on the Addgene website).  Tissue Optimal Serotype CNS AAV1, AAV2, AAV4, AAV5, AAV8, ...

...bacterial origins, Tet systems function well in mammalian cells, and TRE-containing promoters can be used...OFF. The cumate switch system functions well in mammalian cells, and can be used in the repressible manner...previous post. While originally developed for use in mammalian cells, this system has also been implemented in...Bujard H. Tight control of gene expression in mammalian cells by tetracycline-responsive promoters. Proc...-switch: a system for regulated expression in mammalian cells. BMC Biotechnol 6, 43 (2006). https://doi.org...

...allow.” Wang’s library is designed to target a smaller set of genes and it includes more guides per gene...sgRNAs, and can result in a higher titer due to the smaller size of the plasmids. The Zhang lab, on the other...possible to conduct systematic genetic screens in mammalian cells,” David Sabatini, a senior author of one...). Genome-Wide Recessive Genetic Screening in Mammalian Cells with a Lentiviral CRISPR-Guide RNA Library...

...plasmids are small circular pieces of DNA that replicate independently from the host's chromosomal DNA. They... modify, or construct a plasmid. A plasmid is a small circular piece of DNA found in bacterial cells, ...designed to introduce foreign DNA into another cell. Minimally, lab-created plasmids have an origin of replication...

...or other affected people, man/animal vs nature, anthropomorphized animals, or even seemingly unrelated ...Summer SciComm Series! We hope you've enjoyed this small glimpse into the world of science communication ...these pieces aren't always appropriate for your formal scientific communications, they are fantastic fodder...

...basis of transduction Transductions utilize the ‘normal’ mechanism of viral infiltration into a cell. The...be integrated into the host genome? Expressed episomally long-term? Expressed short-term? Answering these...non-integrating (adenovirus and AAV) but can still express episomally long-term (AAV). If you perform a lipid-based...transposon system, CRISPR targeted strategy, etc.) and episomal expression will last ~2-7 days at moderate levels...

...interested in studying animals than plants, and biology teachers’ preference for using animal systems to demonstrate...challenges than does working with animals. Because Arabidopsis is small, has a short life cycle, and is ...

...and serotype did you use and what animal subject did you use? For animal subjects it is helpful to report...experimental details (e.g. titer, injection site, animal strain used). Similar to the goodwill of Addgene... Immunohistochemistry? Did you use any relevant animal treatment conditions like drugs (Chemogenetics)...

...Then at your preferred time points, sacrifice the animals and fix the samples. When you use AAVs, it typically...typically takes a few weeks to achieve optimal expression of XFPs. Any longer and the cells may start to...to show morphological abnormalities due to the excessive amount of XFPs expressed. Then, clear the samples...suppressing transcription. It is critical to express a minimal amount of tTA to achieve highest expression levels...

...cellular dynamics with light by modifying EB1. EB1 normally sits on microtubules to attract other proteins... can be used to visualize RNA localization in mammalian cells. These tools consist of cobalamin-binding...in vivo. These new “Riboglow” probes contain a smaller RNA tag, are less prone to photobleaching, and ...your own experiments, mCarmine is available in a mammalian expression vector (pcDNA3) and a bacterial expression...

...scicomm efforts fall under informal learning; however, many others partner with formal learning to engage students...peers can and do consume science communication.  Formal education is education that is provided through...fully and freely engage or disengage at will.  Informal education is education that is provided, typically...

...Latin for 'it'), as “a generic term for any extrachromsomal hereditary determinant”. His proposal, however...1960s when scientists began to study other extrachromosomal particles, particularly Resistance or R-factors... deli in 1972. Using a deli napkin for paper, a small group of scientists including Stanley Falkow, Stanley...genes from different bacterial (and eventually mammalian) species were cloned into plasmids and new cloning...

...most of this new relationship? Consider adding formality and active goal setting to your mentoring relationships... Check out Joanne's Reddit AMA Add a little formality to mentoring Just getting together and chatting...phone, etc.)? Make agendas for your meetings, take informal minutes on what was covered and learned, especially...do after I get my PhD) and break them down into smaller, actionable steps (e.g. Meet 10 PhDs with interesting...