...label cells. If GFP could be co-opted to control gene expression, he could then selectively manipulate...used LexA and rTetR systems such that they activate gene expression from different promoters. Moving to an.... GFP expression robustly activated the reporter gene TdTomato, whose expression was absent without electroporated...sites. Placing a lox-STOP-lox cassette upstream of a gene of interest blocks transcription when Cre is absent...present, it removes the STOP cassette, activating gene expression. Although Cre isn’t a modular protein...versions of non-modular proteins like Cre. Could Cas9-DOG be developed soon to allow genome modification...fluorescent proteins as scaffolds for cell-specific gene manipulation.” Cell 154(4) (2013): 928-939. PubMed...

...ID Library Type Species PI Lentiviral Generation gRNAs per gene Total gRNAs Adamson DNA Repair CRISPRi...each containing multiple gRNAs for each target gene. In a CRISPR screening experiment, target cells ...require the use of lentivirus to deliver the gRNA/Cas9 to target cells. Therefore, you must be equipped...are used to knockout, activate or repress target genes. Number of gRNAs - A given CRISPR library may target...target the entire genome or a specific class of genes (subpools). Species - the gRNAs within a given CRISPR...86550 Inhibition Human Weissman 3rd 10 Varies CRISPR/Cas9-assisted Removal of Mitochondrial DNA (CARM) Library...Human Yusa 3rd 5 90,709 Human Interferon-Stimulated Gene CRISPR Knockout Library 125753 Knockout Human Emerman...

... containing structural genes and a transfer plasmid carrying the transfer gene. By dividing the viral ...while a single 72h harvest is best for larger genes such as Cas9. See figure 1 for an example of how changing...Talking 'bout my (lentiviral) generation The first step in delivering genes via lentivirus is deciding what... While lentiviral vectors are popular gene delivery tools, producing lentivirus, can pose certain challenges...split the viral genome by removing the viral Rev gene from the packaging plasmid and incorporating it ... the structural elements, envelope, and transfer gene are transfected into a packaging cell line, usually...sufficient titer; this is often the case with large genes. This is due to inefficient packaging of large inserts...

...., 2018). Hybridomas can lose gene expression of the mAb-encoding genes or fail to revive after cryopreservation...monoclonal antibodies that are generated in vitro using synthetic genes that are typically expressed from... integrated sequence in a stable cell line. The genes encode the heavy chain and light chain for the antibody...Figure 2: (Left) The light chain and heavy chain genes of the antibody are encoded in a plasmid. (Right...better and better at identifying and cloning the genes for antibody expression. If starting from a protein...sequences of the antibodies and then synthesize the genes that encode those amino acids (Tran et al., 2016...community has created hundreds of useful variants of Cas9. By providing access to the plasmids encoding antibodies...

... at Addgene 2. Green, Alexander A., et al. "Toehold switches: de-novo-designed regulators of gene expression...was an in vitro paper-based platform that allowed gene circuits to be deployed out of the laboratory in...combined technologies, we built paper-based synthetic gene networks for the detection of antibiotic resistance...-of-concept work was exciting because it enabled gene circuit-based sensors to be used outside of the ...amplification, new toehold switch designs, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genotyping, as well as our electronic reader... 3. Pardee, Keith, et al. "Paper-based synthetic gene networks." Cell 159.4 (2014): 940-954. PubMed PMID...Sensor Constructs at Addgene As we report, we have embedded this next generation of toehold switch-based...

...sequence to confirm backbone elements.   Confirming the gene/insert by aligning to NCBI entry or using BLAST....available reference sequence or plasmids containing genes with many modifications. We look for point mutations...amino acid. We also confirm that the species of the gene matches the data associated with the plasmid.   ...Viral Preparations from Viral DNA Extracts. Human Gene Therapy 31:664–678 . https://doi.org/10.1089/hum..., Sanjana NE, Zhang F (2017) Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout and transcriptional activation screening...for all incoming plasmids was a big change for Addgene - we had used Sanger sequencing for quality control...control for over ten years. Now, thanks to a generous donation by the Hirsh family, we are able to take...

...et al., Adenovirus-mediated gene delivery: Potential applications for gene and cell-based therapies in... AdVs are stripped of regulatory genes E1 and E3. Without these genes, AdVs cannot replicate on their ...et al. "Adenovirus-mediated gene delivery: Potential applications for gene and cell-based therapies in...applications and gene therapy: they can be produced at high titers, can accommodate large transgenes, transduce...recombination-competent adenovirus (RCA) can be generated if the E1 gene from the packaging cell line is transferred...for the generation of RCA and reduced immunogenicity. In addition to E1/E3, non-structural genes E2 and...proteins in trans. The Gutless AdV have generated high interest for gene therapy due their increased cloning...

...variations in gene expression, they found that for approximately 40% of the identified genes, the genes were not...explanation. Next, they hypothesized that differences in gene expression could explain why some ancestry groups...groups were differentially dependent on certain genes. This didn’t prove to be correct, either. However, ...sequences for sgRNAs that target ancestry-associated genes.   What does the reference genome actually reference... the guide from binding to the genome or prevent Cas9 from cutting, both of which can introduce significant...cases, this may lead researchers to deprioritize genes that could be good targets for therapeutic development...cells’ germline genetic variations. They then wanted to identify cancer-associated genetic dependencies ...

...overexpress genes of interest; more recently we have also been using Addgene CRISPR vectors to generate cell ...cell lines with knockouts of specific genes. Many years ago, people in the laboratory became frustrated with...cDNA is co-transfected at a favorable ratio to the gene of interest (or, if your protein is fused with a...well plate for further analysis. To assess CRISPR/Cas9 knockout efficacy, we have used both Western blotting...with different levels of expression of our gene of interest. Advantages of the agarose cloning method ...figure 1.   Find Additional Useful Protocols on Addgene's Protocol Pages Agarose cloning method procedure...-well cell plate to a 96-well assay plate. We generally freeze at least 2 ampules each of 4 clones with...

...   For CRISPR libraries, Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout and transcriptional activation screening...Libraries Resources on Addgene.org Addgene's Guide to Plasmid Pooled Libraries  Addgene's Pooled Library Collection...chemical transformations are generally cheaper and easier. One library that Addgene distributes with a chemical...contact us at deposit@addgene.org. Happy amplifying! More resources on the Addgene blog Genome-Wide Screening...If you’re depositing a pooled library with Addgene, you may be surprised to learn that we ask for an ...recombination and loss of plasmid diversity, so Addgene strives to distribute aliquots of the original ...requesting scientist receives a pooled library from Addgene, they’ll need to amplify the sample for further...

...aberrant activation of nearby genes. These safer vectors have become standard in gene therapy. Researchers have...condensed to create the 2nd-generation lentiviral system (Figure 2). The HIV genes that do remain are very...into the genome, they could promote oncogenesis by altering local gene expression. Self-inactivating (SIN... LM, Rebello T. J Gene Med. 2013 Feb;15(2):78-82. PubMed PMID: 23322669. 6. Genetic treatment of a molecular... Jr. Gene Ther. 2010 Feb;17(2):150-7. PubMed PMID: 19847206. Additional Resources on the Addgene Blog ...Genome-Wide Screening Using CRISPR/Cas9 Additional Resources on Addgene.org Check out Our Lentivirus Guide...applications, and they’ve also had success in clinical gene therapy applications. Read on to learn more about...

...Additional resources on the Addgene blog Engineering the plant genome using CRISPR/Cas9 Using pSiM24 for simplifying...transcriptional and translational dynamics of genes and proteins in living plants, to complementing mutant phenotypes...potato contains Agrobacterium T-DNAs with expressed genes: An example of a naturally transgenic food crop....simplifying plant genetic engineering Using arabidopsis in the classroom Resources on Addgene.org Find plant... transformation. There are many motivations to generate transgenic Arabidopsis, from studying transcriptional... floral drip or dip transformation method. The general steps for this method include: Cloning and transforming...Glazebrook, 2002). Find plant plasmid resources at Addgene  Choosing an expression system Choosing an appropriate...

...delivery of genetic cargo  By Alyssa NeuhausTo improve delivery and reduce off-target effects of gene therapy...edits, such as long or highly structured templates. Cas9 variants PE6e–g often had even higher editing efficiencies...system to improve on-target delivery of genetic cargo Optogenetic proximity labeling and TransitID Tracking...continuous evolution and protein engineering to generate seven new prime editors, PE6a–g, that overcome...10.1038/s41467-023-40788-8. PMID 37612276.   Optogenetic proximity labeling and TransitID By Mike Lacy...transcriptional history of a cell. Lin et al. generated a fusion protein called iPAK4 that assembles into...43R] has been one of the hottest antibodies in Addgene’s collection since we began distribution and has...

...the target locus, making them more flexible than Cas9/Cpf1. Some Cas13 enzymes prefer targets with a given...plasmids from this paper at Addgene. Additional Resources on the Addgene Blog Check out our CRISPR Featured...and designated this system REPAIRv1. Using next-generation sequencing, they confirmed A->I editing and found...cytosine deaminase. Three rounds of rational mutagenesis on the ADAR2DD residues that contact the RNA ...RNA-sequencing, the authors performed rational mutagenesis and identified that a S375A mutation in RESCUE...PMID: 29070703. Find plasmids from this paper at Addgene. Abudayyeh, Omar O., et al. “RNA targeting with...PMID: 28976959. Find plasmids from this paper at Addgene. Abudayyeh, Omar O., et al. "C2c2 is a single-...

...Split-horseradish peroxidase (Alice Ting Lab 2016)  Split-Cas9 for inducible genome editing (Feng Zhang Lab 2015...resources on the Addgene blog Addgene Blog Biosensors posts Resources on Addgene.org Fluorescent Biosensors...where should you begin? Have no fear, Addgene is here to help!  General Design Figure 1: Two proteins...the FP back together (Figure 1). This method is generally known as Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation...proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans. Goudeau et al. Genetics. 2021 Cynthia Kenyon mRuby4 mRuby4(1-10), pairs...

...cellular RNA to specific intracellular locations using Cas9 and track the localization of the complex. Broccoli...If you’re been following Addgene on #souptwitter or if you just enjoy a warm meal on a winter day, you...molecule into the cell. The fluorescence that is generated allows for qualitative and quantitative measurement...placing the aptamer downstream of a known promoter. Addgene’s Plasmids 101: Aptamer Fluorophores describes the... we’ll take a deeper dive into the content of Addgene’s aptamer soup by exploring the development and ...and applications of fluorescent RNA aptamers in Addgene’s collection. Green fluorescent aptamers Spinach...s group created Spinach2 using site-directed mutagenesis of Spinach. In doing so, they identified the ...

...CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing may be the hot new way to manipulate gene expression, but other gene manipulation...important ways to spatially and temporally control gene expression, especially in in vivo models, and new...at least six generations. In addition to the neuronal pThy1-Brainbow constructs, Addgene also has two ...Brainbow plasmids available from Addgene! Find Brainbow Plasmids @Addgene: Brainbow 1.0, 1.1, 2.1 plasmids...coupling of Cre-lox with FLP-FRT recombination to generate additional recombination events, and the synthesis...and sea anemone mKate2.) They then successfully generated custom antibodies to each of these proteins and...analysis. To achieve even cell labeling, they generated farnesylated derivatives of the fluorescent proteins...

...approaches increase the size of the gene delivered by splitting the gene into two pieces: part A and part...packaging of large genes in adeno-associated viral vectors results in effective gene delivery in mice. ...how do you fit a big gene into a tiny vector like AAV? By breaking the transgene into smaller pieces. ...acceptor sequence, the 3’ half of the transgene. The full length gene is reconstituted by either the overlapping...Expressing Transgenes That Exceed the Packaging Capacity of Adeno-Associated Virus Capsids. Human Gene Therapy...Chamberlain JS (2011) Gene Therapy of mdx Mice With Large Truncated Dystrophins Generated by Recombination ...retinal gene therapy Learn about the parts of an AAV transfer plasmid Resources on Addgene.org: Check...

...enough to detect endogenous tagged genes generated through CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in. Finally, NLuc is very inviting...Fusion Protein, codon-optimized Firefly luciferase genes (e.g., luc2), and NanoLuc® Luciferase are available...such as the dynamics of subcellular structures and gene expression. You must see the movies demonstrating...al. (2016) CRISPaint allows modular base-specific gene tagging using a ligase-4-dependent mechanism. Nature...when employing optogenetic regulators to initiate the event being monitored. Optogenetic regulators respond...wavelengths overlap with optogenetic initiation wavelengths, excitation of the optogenetic regulator leads to... be paired with optogenetic regulators. Many of these tools are available from Addgene and we're excited...

...and aggressive plan to use gene editing, MECP2 reactivation, RNA editing, gene replacement therapy, RNA ...mutations in the MECP2 gene. Please refer to Addgene's CRISPR Guide for a general introduction to CRISPR...diagnostic criteria have disease-causing mutations in the gene methyl-CpG binding protein 2 ( MECP2 ). MECP2 Rett...caused from loss-of-function mutations in the MECP2 gene. Causative mutations for Rett syndrome typically...global transcriptional regulator of thousands of genes and studies have suggested roles in transcriptional...activity dependent de-repression, chromatin remodeling, gene activation, and more. How loss of MECP2 protein ...suggests the major function of MECP2 is to regulate gene expression either locally or globally. The MECP2...