...new genetically encoded calcium indicator using small monomeric NIR fluorescent proteins (miRFP670nano...calcium reporters iGECI and NIR-GECO2G, and its small size (~1500 bp) makes iGECInano suitable for AAV...et al. Design and Initial Characterization of a Small Near-Infrared Fluorescent Calcium Indicator. Front...two bright fluorescent proteins with different thermal quenching rates (mNeonGreen and tdTomato), they...variety of imaging conditions (155 μs and <0.1 °C in optimal conditions). While B-gTEMP itself is a significant...  Lu K, et al. Intracellular Heat Transfer and Thermal Property Revealed by Kilohertz Temperature Imaging...

...adding Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins, small proteins that naturally adsorb to the AWI, can protect...RvLEAMshort here!    Abe, K. M., & Lim, C. J. (2024). Small LEA proteins as an effective air-water interface...editing to rescue a genetic disease phenotype in an animal model. Find PE-eVLP plasmids here! The lab’s other...Efficient site-specific integration of large genes in mammalian cells via continuously evolved recombinases and...variants, including a “miniCRISPR” version, are much smaller proteins than SpyCas9, allowing them to be packaged...types in the nervous system By Ashley Waldron The mammalian nervous system is composed of myriad cell types...

...AAVs) make fantastic gene delivery vehicles for episomal gene expression and are particularly useful for...have been using AAV vectors for gene editing in mammalian cells since 1998. In that year, Russell and Hirata... titre, and are therefore able to infect only a small subset of the cells used in a given experiment. ...genome editing is hampered by the fact that even small Cas9 homologs like SaCas9 and their requisite gRNAs...engineering using adeno-associated virus (AAV)." Chromosomal Mutagenesis. Humana Press, New York, NY, 2015... AAV: A Versatile Tool for Gene Expression in Mammals AAV Titers: Where do they come from and what do...

...to be incorporated into the edited genome. In mammalian cells such as stem cells, HDR is relatively rare...that for generating a homozygous HDR event with optimal efficiency a guide RNA targeting a cut <10 bp from... other on each target site.   Figure 3: Optimal cut site to mutation distances for heterozygous...introduction of a desired sequence change by HDR, the optimal guide RNAs should not only have sufficient on-target...off-target activity, but should also mediate a DSB at optimal distance from the intended mutation site, depending...: 23287718. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3795411. 2. Mali, Prashant, et al. "RNA-guided human genome engineering...

...generating transgenic animals may choose Southern blotting to screen founder transgenic animals for the inserted.... In southern blotting, DNA is fragmented into smaller pieces, run on a gel, and transferred to a membrane...to screen multiple colonies before selecting a smaller subset to sequence. Sequencing gels and next-generation...for the extension of a DNA strand (8). Adding a small amount of a single radiolabelled ddNTP to a synthesis...nanopore-based DNA sequencing machines are relatively small meaning that DNA sequencing could move from sequencing...

...enough to result in a smear of fragments that get smaller in size as a function of digestion time. For phage...preferable. Nebulization involves forcing DNA through a small opening using compressed nitrogen gas; this shears...Nebulization units, which can be purchased cheaply, are small plastic containers that can easily be attached with...fragments falling between 1 and 3 kb results in optimal likelihood of capturing a whole RBP gene without...to enhance folding of the recombinant proteins. Optimal salt concentration will vary with each protein,...at room temperature as opposed to overnight at optimal growth temperature. If you’re lucky enough to have...

...the TSS but you can worry less about sequence optimality because you generally have fewer sequences to...dramatically when the cut site is >30nt from the proximal ends of the repair template (Yang et al., 2013...have a dozen or so gRNAs to choose from in the optimal location. It is also important to have good information...there are fewer gRNA to choose from, and thus an optimal sequence may not be available. Predicting gRNA ...explanation of our CRISPR resources. He really likes small RNAs.     References Anzalone AV, Koblan LW, Liu... L, Guell M, Byrne S, Yang JL, De Los Angeles A, Mali P, Aach J, Kim-Kiselak C, Briggs AW, Rios X, Huang...

...optical and genetic methods to photo-stimulate mammalian neurons and alter synaptic events: a new technology...system due to their relatively stable extra-chromosomally long-term expression and low ability to induce...optogenetic FLEx vectors in combination with transgenic animals or rAAVs expressing Cre under a specific cell-type...post-doctoral fellow on developmental biology at the École Normale Supérieure de Lyon. Her love for educational science...Diester. "Optogenetic approaches to study the mammalian brain." Current opinion in structural biology ...31082625. Ernst, Oliver P., et al. "Microbial and animal rhodopsins: structures, functions, and molecular...

... the economic and cultural importance of these animals to human populations around the world. Here at ...take a moment to revisit some of the ways these animals have impacted humans through biomedical research... time, researchers were already on a quest for smaller forms of antibodies and had begun developing Fab...fragments and scFvs. But the potential for an even smaller, single-domain antibody fragment was exciting, ...  Excellent tissue penetration, thanks to their small size of 12–15 kDa Ease of cloning and expression...

... new page shows you base editing plasmids for mammalian systems, bacteria, plants, and yeast. Popular ...Targeting: This page contains Cas13 constructs for mammalian and bacterial systems. Plasmids with wild-type...unique non-specific RNA cleavage in bacteria. In mammalian systems, Cas13a degrades only the specified RNA...anyone predict that we’d be able to edit RNA in mammalian cells with CRISPR? I certainly didn’t, but now...Genotyping Day 5: Delivery systems: CRISPR 101: Mammalian Expression Systems and Delivery Methods and A ...

...achieved by inserting BirA into a pMal plasmid (NEB) thus creating the pMal-T-Avi-His/BirA plasmid now available...use of the enzyme biotin ligase, which binds to a small (< 20 amino acid) AviTag sequence in a protein and...biotin ligase and a protein of interest fused to maltose binding protein (MBP, New England BioLabs). MBP...interferometry (Octet, Pall ForteBio). Tips for using pMal-T-Avi-His/BirA to add biotin to your protein of ...

...extreme physical and chemical conditions like YNP thermal sites - are also of practical interest since they...using a heat gun, and pH measurements. We collected small water and sediment samples, stabilizing them in ...hot spring sample. The sample was separated into smaller samples of 5-10 cells each for sequencing, allowing...IgnaviCas9 protein is 1,241 amino acids long, has optimal sgRNA spacer length of 22-25 nts, and is thermostable... Cas9 from Parvibaculum lavamentivorans, whose optimal growth temperature is 30°C. Find IgnaviCas9 here...

...were unable to show TtAgo-mediated cleavage in mammalian cells, likely due to high temperature requirements...cleave plasmid and genomic DNA in a variety of mammalian cell lines, with an efficiency similar to that...sequence can greatly affect editing efficiency. Smaller size At only 887 amino acids in length, NgAgo is... feature is advantageous if you’re working with small capacity viral vectors such as AAV. Base removal...guides. While this fidelity would prevent other small nuclear DNAs from binding NgAgo, it might make it...

...of unhealthy, difficult-to-inject unc-119(ed3) animals, as well as a second injection step to remove the...select for candidate knock-ins. These candidate animals can then be further screened based on their Roller...the SEC and after 5-6 days of growth, wild-type animals that have undergone SEC excision are screened based...based on the loss of the Roller phenotype. These animals contain a fluorescent protein fusion for the targeted... 7 genes in parallel; when they injected 60-80 animals per gene, they obtained the desired insertions ...

...synthetase Mammalian Cells pCMV-DnpK dinitrophenyl hapten Mammalian Cells pANAP AnapRS Mammalian Cells ...pMAH-POLY Polyspecific aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Mammalian Cells pDULE-ABK pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthase for...for aliphatic diazirine amino acids E. coli and Mammalian Cells pEVOL-pAzF synthetase for p-azido-l-phenylalanine...tetracysteine tag. In addition, since these tags are so small, one can insert them in virtually any desired location...

...organism Yeast are single cell, eukaryotic organisms formally classified as fungi. They reproduce by either ...the 1970s with the goal of producing high protein animal feed. Due to increasing prices of methanol and ...glycosylated proteins. Peroxisome studies Peroxisomes are small, membrane-bound organelles essential for sequestering...proliferate upon a media change into methanol and peroxisomal autophagy can be induced by removing methanol... This feature makes the strain tractable for peroxisomal studies on biogenesis, degradation, and proliferation...

...libraries have been created in lentiviral systems for mammalian screens, which enables researchers to maximize...functionally conserved, they develop rapidly, they are small, and their transparency allows for whole organism...accelerate the discovery of additional genes and small-molecule probes to aid in the understanding and ...Such voltage imaging can be performed in intact animals and offers many advantages over traditional measurements...recordings. However, technical difficulties such as small fluorescence changes or a requirement for very high...

... difficult to detect, and thus quantify, due to small fluorescence changes of the donor and acceptor after...spatio-temporal dynamics of apoptosis in living animals. To do this they modified a different self-assembling...fluorescence was dependent on protease activation. Normally, β10-11 are antiparallel. To prevent binding, ...the sequence, β10 and β11 can rearrange to their normal antiparallel position and fluoresce. FlipCherry... a beta strand of GFP for imaging apoptosis in animals." Journal of the American Chemical Society (2019...

...particles are often found with cellular exosomes, small membrane vesicles or microvesicles (approx. 40 -...interaction with AAVs (Schiller et al., 2018). Exosomal vesicles secreted from producer cells also contain...conventional AAVs (AAV preparations were always normalized to their genomic titers). Examples include the...target less accessible cells, such as brain tumor stromal cells in a mouse model of glioblastoma (Volak et...vector-mediated genetic modification of brain tumor stromal cells after intravenous delivery." Journal of neuro-oncology...

...chromatin at the level of nucleosomes, loops, chromosomal domains, or how stretches of DNA on different...our collection; the following articles are just a small cross-section spanning 20 years of research. DNA...Chromosomes. Samwer M, Schneider MWG, Hoefler R, Schmalhorst PS, Jude JG, Zuber J, Gerlich DW Cell. 2017 Aug...Reporter-nanobody fusions (RANbodies) as versatile, small, sensitive immunohistochemical reagents. Yamagata...