...unreliability: cross-reactivity (binds to non-target proteins), variability (separate batches can perform differently...atlases/literature and is unrelated to the target protein, we categorize the antibody as having non-specific...the best, or even which one will work for your application? Like many scientists, I have spent hours sifting...produced from a new set of animals), and wrong application (different experiments/conditions can change ...differently over time), compatible with the desired applications (such as immunohistochemistry (IHC) or western...secondary antibodies, allowing us to only image autofluorescence i.e., background noise. We then compare the...

...catalytically inactive dCas9 to a fluorescent marker like green fluorescent protein (GFP), creating a customizable...tagged with different fluorescent proteins or by fusing the gRNAs to orthogonal protein-interacting RNA aptamers...specificity and applicability of base editing through protein engineering and protein delivery. Nature...naturally-occurring Acr (Anti-CRISPR) proteins can help control CRISPR activity. Acr proteins have evolved in phages ...; or inducing degradation of the Cas9 protein. Most Acr proteins are specific to a particular type of ...and antibody-activator effector proteins; long-term imaging of proteins in living cells (Figure 9B) dCas9...fused to the gRNA to recruit fluorescently-tagged RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Multicolor CRISPR imaging can...

...done using Protein A, Protein G, or the recombinant Protein A/G, which are bacterial proteins that bind...amounts of protein. Includes: Western blot ELISA Capture - used to isolate specific proteins or protein complexes...quantify, identify, separate, and locate proteins of interest. The protein that an antibody recognizes is called...genetically engineered small proteins derived from ankyrin repeat proteins. These are antibody mimics instead...to the protein of interest. Signal strength is determined by how many antibodies bind the protein of interest...amounts of protein. Western blot Western blots use antibodies to identify denatured proteins separated ...primarily show a protein’s presence or absence. Figure 3: A western blot detecting proteins using the indirect...

...release proteins from cellular membranes using light. light-induced protein dissociation using protein A fragments...Photocleavable protein engineered from a green-to-red photoconvertible fluorescent protein 400 UVR8 domains...photoreceptors to create protein systems controlled by light. These “photoswitchable” proteins offer exquisite ...of a protein of interest. A genetically-encoded nuclear Cry2 fusion can thus direct a CIB1-protein fusion...Inhibits protein function by reversibly sequestering targets into large, optically assembled protein architectures...transcription using engineered zinc finger proteins, using proteins GIGANTEA (GI) and the light oxygen voltage...pair to the target protein, and the other to the membrane where the target protein is to be sequestered...

...transmembrane proteins that bind a specific ligand. Ligand binding then activates G-proteins to modulate...signaling protein that the receptors couple to: Gq-DREADDs signal through the Gαq/11 G-protein and activate...bioluminescent modules, such as luciferase-fluorescent protein fusions, to more-sensitive opsins has led...The first chemogenetic receptors were based on G-protein coupled receptors, or GPCRs. The largest class ...into chemogenetic tools. Need a refresher on G-protein coupled receptors? Read the GPCRs: How Do They ...DREADDs), like RASSLs, are based on engineered G-protein coupled receptors, but unlike RASSLs, show insensitivity...employed. Gi-DREADDs signal through the Gαi/o G-protein and inhibit neuronal signaling by inhibiting adenylate...

...plasmid type, mutations, and/or tags such as fluorescent protein (FP) tags. Information on genes and associated...Davidson 54924 mApple-MAPTau-C-10 MAPT mApple CMV Parkinson's, FTD Michael Davidson 54925 mApple-MAPTau-N-10...Multisystem proteinopathy, ALS Nicolas Fawzi 139121 hnRNPA2_LC_NtoS HNRNPA2B1 T7 Multisystem proteinopathy, ALS...Multisystem proteinopathy, ALS Nicolas Fawzi 139123 hnRNPA2_LC_12E HNRNPA2B1 T7 Multisystem proteinopathy, ALS...Multisystem proteinopathy, ALS Nicolas Fawzi 139125 hnRNPF_PLD_StoA HNRNPA2B1 T7 Multisystem proteinopathy, ALS...-10 MAPT mApple CMV Parkinson's, FTD Michael Davidson 55077 mCherry-MAPTau-C-10 MAPT mCherry CMV Parkinson's... hnRNPA2_LC_WT HNRNPA2B1 His T7 Multisystem proteinopathy, ALS Nicolas Fawzi 98658 hnRNPA2_LC_D290V HNRNPA2B1...