Skip to main content
Addgene

Allen Institute for Brain Science AAV Enhancer Collection


Enhancer AAV plasmids are plasmids which use genomic regulatory sequences — termed enhancers — to drive cell type-specific expression. The Allen Institute for Brain Sciences has screened thousands of enhancers for specificity and brightness of fluorescent labeling across brain regions and populations using systemic AAV delivery. The collection includes the top vectors with the highest specificity and brightness, assessed using ssRNAseq or high-resolution imaging. For more details, visit the Allen Institute's Genetic Tools Atlas (Link opens in a new window).

Schematic of selection and testing of AAV enhancers. Enhancers were selected from the differentially-accessible DNA sequences, amplified from the genome, cloned into the AAV backbone, prepped as AAV (crude and purified), and delivered to mouse brains using methods described in the figure legend.
Figure 1: Selection, prep, and testing of AAV enhancers in mice. Enhancers were selected from the genome based on their differential chromatin accessibility across different cell types and cloned into an AAV backbone. Most enhancers were derived from human, mouse, and macaque genomes. Enhancers were evaluated in mouse brains, using various delivery methods including intracerebroventricular (ICV) delivery in newborns, and retro-orbital (RO) and stereotaxic (STX) delivery in adult mice. Adapted from Allen Institute's Genetic Tools Atlas (Link opens in a new window).

Allen Institute for Brain Science Enhancer Plasmids

The Allen Institute for Brain Science Enhancer Collection contains best-in-class AAV plasmids to target a variety of cell populations in different brain regions. Labeled cell populations were tested in mouse brains. This collection contains plasmids for cell populations in the following regions:

  • Isocortex
  • Hippocampal formation
  • Cortical subplate
  • Striatum
  • Pallidum
  • Hypothalamus
  • Cerebellum
  • Whole brain
Addgene ID Plasmid Allen Institute ID Enhancer ID FP/Recombinase Labeled Population Region
230551 pAAV-AiE2638m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP2105 AiE2638m SYFP2 Layer 2-3_IT Isocortex
230803 pAAV-AiE2638m-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP20142 AiE2638m Cre Layer 2-3_IT Isocortex
214583 pAAV-AiE2543m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP1924 AiE2543m SYFP2 Layer 2-3_IT Isocortex
220727 pAAV-AiE2543m-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP2048 AiE2543m Cre Layer 2-3_IT Isocortex
224004 pAAV-AiE0680m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12754 AiE0680m SYFP2 Layer 2-3_IT Isocortex
230402 pAAV-AiE0680m-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP15072 AiE0680m Cre Layer 2-3_IT Isocortex
223974 pAAV-AiE0050m_3xC2-minCMV-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12211 AiE0050m_3xC2 SYFP2 Layer 4_IT Isocortex
224056 pAAV-AiE0050m_3xC2-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP13152 AiE0050m_3xC2 Cre Layer 4_IT Isocortex
224038 pAAV-AiE0671m_3xC2-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP13897 AiE0671m_3xC2 SYFP2 Layer 4_IT Isocortex
220734 pAAV-AiE0671m_3xC2-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP20026 AiE0671m_3xC2 Cre Layer 4_IT Isocortex
224043 pAAV-AiE2182m_3xC2-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP14467 AiE2182m_3xC2 SYFP2 Layer 5_IT Isocortex
220735 pAAV-AiE2182m_3xC2-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP20027 AiE2182m_3xC2 Cre Layer 5_IT Isocortex
214522 pAAV-AiE2402m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP1706 AiE2402m SYFP2 Layer 5_ET Isocortex
223981 pAAV-AiE0464m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12315 AiE0464m SYFP2 Layer 5_ET Isocortex
224006 pAAV-AiE0456m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12828 AiE0456m SYFP2 Layer 5_ET Isocortex
224016 pAAV-AiE0459m_3xC2-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12918 AiE0459m_3xC2 SYFP2 Layer 5_ET Isocortex
229920 pAAV-AiE0459m_3xC2-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP14187 AiE0459m_3xC2 Cre Layer 5_ET Isocortex
224013 pAAV-AiE0674m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHp AiP12857 AiE0674m SYFP2 Layer 5_ET Isocortex
224017 pAAV-AiE0667m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12944 AiE0667m SYFP2 Layer 5_ET_Chrna6 Isocortex
214540 pAAV-AiE2449m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP1774 AiE2449m SYFP2 Layer 5_ET_Chrna6 Isocortex
214479 pAAV-AiE2051m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP1277 AiE2051m SYFP2 Layer 6_IT_Car3 Isocortex
220711 pAAV-AiE2051m-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP1786 AiE2051m Cre Layer 6_IT_Car3 Isocortex
230518 pAAV-AiE2051m-minBG-FlpO-WPRE-HGHpA AiP1211 AiE2051m FlpO Layer 6_IT_Car3 Isocortex
224000 pAAV-AiE0772m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12612 AiE0772m SYFP2 Layer 6_IT_Car3 Isocortex
214570 pAAV-AiE2575m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP1888 AiE2575m SYFP2 Layer 6_CT Isocortex
230801 pAAV-AiE2575m-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP20139 AiE2575m Cre Layer 6_CT Isocortex
214601 pAAV-AiE2586m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP1977 AiE2586m SYFP2 Layer 6b Isocortex
220729 pAAV-AiE2586m-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP2136 AiE2586m Cre Layer 6b Isocortex
230554 pAAV-AiE2356m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP20010 AiE2356m SYFP2 Layer 6b Isocortex
230564 pAAV-AiE2356m-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP20141 AiE2356m Cre Layer 6b Isocortex
214599 pAAV-AiE2587m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP1971 AiE2587m SYFP2 Layer 6b Isocortex
220728 pAAV-AiE2587m-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP2068 AiE2587m Cre Layer 6b Isocortex
163505 pAAV-DLX2.0-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP11390 DLX2.0 SYFP2 Pan GABAergic interneurons Isocortex
222939 AiP14532 AiP14532 DLX2.0 FlpO Pan GABAergic interneurons Isocortex
214518 pAAV-AiE2366m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP1691 AiE2366m SYFP2 Lamp5 interneurons Isocortex
220737 pAAV-AiE2366m-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP20068 AiE2366m Cre Lamp5 interneurons Isocortex
224015 pAAV-AiE0724m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12863 AiE0724m SYFP2 Lamp5 interneurons Isocortex
224051 pAAV-AiE0724m-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP14668 AiE0724m Cre Lamp5 interneurons Isocortex
214480 pAAV-AiE2103m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP1287 AiE2103m SYFP2 Lamp5 interneurons Isocortex
220712 pAAV-AiE2103m-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP1787 AiE2103m Cre Lamp5 interneurons Isocortex
230607 pAAV-AiE2103m-minBG-FlpO-WPRE-HGHpA AiP1252 AiE2103m FlpO Lamp5 interneurons Isocortex
223971 pAAV-3xSP10ins-AiE0354m-minRho-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12040 AiE0354m FlpO Vip interneurons Isocortex
230101 pAAV-hsA2-AiE0219h-minRho-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP11712 AiE0219h SYFP2 Vip interneurons Isocortex
230406* pAAV-AiE0219h-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP15263 AiE0219h Cre Vip interneurons Isocortex
208401 CN2039-rAAV-3xSP10ins-eHGT_354h-minRho-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12039 AiE0354h SYFP2 Vip interneurons Isocortex
230473* pAAV-AiE0354h-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP14129 AiE0354h Cre Vip interneurons Isocortex
191727 pAAV-AiE0682h-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12689 AiE0682h SYFP2 Sst_Chodl interneurons Isocortex
214847 pAAV-AiE0682h-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP13777 AiE0682h Cre Sst_Chodl interneurons Isocortex
191728 pAAV-AiE0600m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12408 AiE0600m SYFP2 Sst_Chodl interneurons Isocortex
220715 pAAV-AiE0600m-minBG-iCre(297T)-BGHpA AiP1793 AiE0600m Cre Sst_Chodl interneurons Isocortex
224029 pAAV-AiE0170h_3xC2-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP13563 AiE0170h_3xC2 SYFP2 Sst interneurons Isocortex
230509 pAAV-AiE0170h_3xC2-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP15285 AiE0170h_3xC2 Cre Sst interneurons Isocortex
223986 pAAV-AiE0519h-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12360 AiE0519h SYFP2 Sst interneurons Isocortex
163503 CN1633-rAAV-hsA2-eHGT_140h-minRho-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP11633 AiE0140h SYFP2 Pvalb interneurons Isocortex
230382 pAAV-AiE0140h-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP13786 AiE0140h Cre Pvalb interneurons Isocortex
230099 pAAV-hsA2-AiE0086m-minRho-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP11580 AiE0086m SYFP2 Pvalb interneurons Isocortex
230807 pAAV-hsA2-AiE0086m-minRho-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP20171 AiE0086m Cre Pvalb interneurons Isocortex
229885 pAAV-AiE0475m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12320 AiE0475m SYFP2 Chandelier cells (Pvalb) Isocortex
230384* pAAV-AiE0475m-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP13790 AiE0475m Cre Chandelier cells (Pvalb) Isocortex
214561 pAAV-AiE2566m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP1862 AiE2566m SYFP2 CA2 and Fasciola cinerea neurons Hippocampal formation
214506 pAAV-AiE2333m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP1653 AiE2333m SYFP2 CA3 pyramidal neurons Hippocampal formation
220731 pAAV-AiE2333m-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP2141 AiE2333m Cre CA3 pyramidal neurons Hippocampal formation
214552 pAAV-AiE2435m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP1848 AiE2435m SYFP2 Cajal-Retzius neurons Hippocampal formation
214597 pAAV-AiE2563m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP1969 AiE2563m SYFP2 Entorhinal area - L2 pyramidal neurons Hippocampal formation
214539 pAAV-AiE2403m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP1772 AiE2403m SYFP2 Entorhinal area - L2 pyramidal neurons Hippocampal formation
230553 pAAV-AiE2664m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP2107 AiE2664m SYFP2 Entorhinal area - L3 pyramidal neurons Hippocampal formation
230805 pAAV-AiE2664m-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP20169 AiE2664m Cre Entorhinal area - L3 pyramidal neurons Hippocampal formation
230403 pAAV-AiE0127m_3xC2-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP15079 AiE0127m_3xC2 SYFP2 Entorhinal area - L5b neurons Hippocampal formation
230556 pAAV-AiE2674m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP20013 AiE2674m SYFP2 Entorhinal area, lateral part - L2 stellate neurons Hippocampal formation
214479 pAAV-AiE2051m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP1277 AiE2051m SYFP2 Claustrum Cortical subplate
220711 pAAV-AiE2051m-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP1786 AiE2051m Cre Claustrum Cortical subplate
230518 pAAV-AiE2051m-minBG-FlpO-WPRE-HGHpA AiP1211 AiE2051m FlpO Claustrum Cortical subplate
191720 pAAV-AiE0743m_3xC2-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP13038 AiE0743m_3xC2 SYFP2 Cholinergic interneurons Striatum
214848 pAAV-AiE0743m_3xC2-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP13780 AiE0743m_3xC2 Cre Cholinergic interneurons Striatum
214858 pAAV-AiE0873m_3xC2-minBG-SYFP2-P2A-3XFLAG-10aa-H2B-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP14496 AiE0873m_3xC2 SYFP2 Cholinergic interneurons Striatum
214868 pAAV-AiE0873m_3xC2-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP15138 AiE0873m_3xC2 Cre Cholinergic interneurons Striatum
191706 pAAV-AiE0779m_3xC2-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP13044 AiE0779m_3xC2 SYFP2 DRD1 Medium spiny neurons (D1-MSN) Striatum
199776 pAAV-AiE0779m_3xC2-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP13779 AiE0779m_3xC2 Cre DRD1 Medium spiny neurons (D1-MSN) Striatum
214855 pAAV-AiE0779m_3xC2-minBG-FlpO-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP14201 AiE0779m_3xC2 FlpO DRD1 Medium spiny neurons (D1-MSN) Striatum
224206 pAAV-AiE0780m-minCMV-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP15827 AiE0780m SYFP2 DRD1 Medium spiny neurons (D1-MSN) Striatum
224200 pAAV-AiE0780m-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA iP15578 AiE0780m Cre DRD1 Medium spiny neurons (D1-MSN) Striatum
191707 pAAV-AiE0452h-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12237 AiE0452h SYFP2 DRD2 Medium spiny neurons (D2-MSN) Striatum
199777 pAAV-AiE0452h-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP13781 AiE0452h Cre DRD2 Medium spiny neurons (D2-MSN) Striatum
230871 pAAV-AiE0452h-minBG-FlpO-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP14573 AiE0452h FlpO DRD2 Medium spiny neurons (D2-MSN) Striatum
191713 pAAV-AiE0444h-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12421 AiE0444h SYFP2 DRD2 Medium spiny neurons (D2-MSN) Striatum
191721 pAAV-AiE0621h-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12451 AiE0621h SYFP2 Olfactory tubercle and Fundus of striatum Striatum
214849 pAAV-AiE0621h-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP13981 AiE0621h Cre Olfactory tubercle and Fundus of striatum Striatum
191717 pAAV-3xSP10ins-AiE0367h_C2-minRho-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12514 AiE0367h_C2 SYFP2 Medium spiny neurons (MSN) Striatum
191710 pAAV-AiE0784m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12747 AiE0784m SYFP2 Medium spiny neurons (MSN) Striatum
199774 pAAV-AiE0441h_3xC2-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP13905 AiE0441h_3xC2 SYFP2 Medium spiny neurons (MSN) Striatum
214862 pAAV-AiE0441h_3xC2-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP14825 AiE0441h_3xC2 Cre Medium spiny neurons (MSN) Striatum
230884 pAAV-AiE1426m_3xC2-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP15646 AiE1426m_3xC2 SYFP2 Sst_Chodl interneurons Striatum
229916 pAAV-AiE0528h_3xC2-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP13599 AiE0528h_3xC2 SYFP2 Sst_Chodl interneurons Striatum
191727 pAAV-AiE0682h-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12689 AiE0682h SYFP2 Sst_Chodl interneurons Striatum
214847 pAAV-AiE0682h-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP13777 AiE0682h Cre Sst_Chodl interneurons Striatum
191728 pAAV-AiE0600m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12408 AiE0600m SYFP2 Sst_Chodl interneurons Striatum
220715 pAAV-AiE0600m-minBG-iCre(297T)-BGHpA AiP1793 AiE0600m Cre Sst_Chodl interneurons Striatum
224189 pAAV-AiE1419m-minBG-SYFP2-P2A-3XFLAG-10aa-H2B-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP15043 AiE1419m SYFP2 Pvalb_Pthlh interneurons Striatum
224199 pAAV-AiE1419m-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP15508 AiE1419m Cre Pvalb_Pthlh interneurons Striatum
230099 pAAV-hsA2-AiE0086m-minRho-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP11580 AiE0086m SYFP2 Globus pallidus pars externa (GPe) Pallidum
230807 pAAV-hsA2-AiE0086m-minRho-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP20171 AiE0086m Cre Globus pallidus pars externa (GPe) Pallidum
233570 pAAV-AiE0027m_3xC3-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP14470 AiE0027m_3xC3 SYFP2 Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) Hypothalamus
230531 pAAV-AiE2150m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP1379 AiE2150m SYFP2 Purkinje cells Cerebellum
208141 rAAV-3xCore2(390m)-minBglobin-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12558 AiE0390m_3xC2 SYFP2 Astrocytes Whole Brain
208163 rAAV-3xCore2_eHGT_390m-minBglobin-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiE0390m_3xC2 Cre Astrocytes Whole Brain
208143 rAAV-3xcore2(390h)-minBglobin-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP13572 AiE0390h_3xC2 SYFP2 Astrocytes Whole Brain
208133 rAAV-eHGT_387m-minBglobin-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12102 AiE0387m SYFP2 Astrocytes Whole Brain
208166 rAAV-eHGT_387m-minBglobin-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiE0387m Cre Astrocytes Whole Brain
220643 pAAV-AiE2128m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP1357 AiE2128m SYFP2 Endothelial cells Whole Brain
214497 pAAV-AiE2135m-minBG-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP1427 AiE2135m SYFP2 Endothelial cells Whole Brain
229925 pAAV-AiE2135m-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP14703 AiE2135m Cre Endothelial cells Whole Brain
208146 rAAV-eHGT_395h-minBglobin-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12157 AiE0395h SYFP2 Oligodendrocytes Whole Brain
208150 rAAV-eHGT_397m-minBglobin-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12123 AiE0397m SYFP2 Oligodendrocytes Whole Brain
208157 rAAV-eHGT_410m-minBglobin-SYFP2-WPRE3-BGHpA AiP12109 AiE0410m SYFP2 Oligodendrocytes Whole Brain
230388 pAAV-AiE0410m-minBG-iCre(R297T)-BGHpA AiP13997 AiE0410m Cre Oligodendrocytes Whole Brain

* = Substantial non-specific labeling observed

Publications

Ben-Simon Y, Hooper M, Narayan S, Daigle T, Dwivedi D, Way SW, Oster A, Stafford DA, Mich JK, Taormina MJ, Martinez RA, Opitz-Araya X, Roth JR, Allen S, Ayala A, Bakken TE, Barcelli T, Barta S, Bendrick J, Bertagnolli D, Bowlus J, Boyer G, Brouner K, Casian B, Casper T, Chakka AB, Chakrabarty R, Chance RK, Chavan S, Departee M, Donadio N, Dotson N, Egdorf T, Gabitto M, Garcia J, Gary A, Gasperini M, Goldy J, Gore BB, Graybuck L, Greisman N, Haeseleer F, Halterman C, Helback O, Hockemeyer D, Huang C, Huff S, Hunker A, Johansen N, Juneau Z, Kalmbach B, Khem S, Kussick E, Kutsal R, Larsen R, Lee C, Lee AY, Leibly M, Lenz GH, Liang E, Lusk N, Malone J, Mollenkopf T, Morin E, Newman D, Ng L, Ngo K, Omstead V, Oyama A, Pham T, Pom CA, Potekhina L, Ransford S, Rette D, Rimorin C, Rocha D, Ruiz A, Sanchez REA, Sedeno-Cortes A, Sevigny JP, Shapovalova N, Shulga L, Sigler AR, Siverts LA, Somasundaram S, Stewart K, Szelenyi E, Tieu M, Trader C, van Velthoven CTJ, Walker M, Weed N, Wirthlin M, Wood T, Wynalda B, Yao Z, Zhou T, Ariza J, Dee N, Reding M, Ronellenfitch K, Mufti S, Sunkin SM, Smith KA, Esposito L, Waters J, Thyagarajan B, Yao S, Lein ES, Zeng H, Levi BP, Ngai J, Ting J, Tasic B. A suite of enhancer AAVs and transgenic mouse lines for genetic access to cortical cell types. bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2024 Sep 26:2024.06.10.597244. doi: 10.1101/2024.06.10.597244. PMID: 38915722.

Graybuck LT, Daigle TL, Sedeño-Cortés AE, Walker M, Kalmbach B, Lenz GH, Morin E, Nguyen TN, Garren E, Bendrick JL, Kim TK, Zhou T, Mortrud M, Yao S, Siverts LA, Larsen R, Gore BB, Szelenyi ER, Trader C, Balaram P, van Velthoven CTJ, Chiang M, Mich JK, Dee N, Goldy J, Cetin AH, Smith K, Way SW, Esposito L, Yao Z, Gradinaru V, Sunkin SM, Lein E, Levi BP, Ting JT, Zeng H, Tasic B. Enhancer viruses for combinatorial cell-subclass-specific labeling. Neuron. 2021 May 5;109(9):1449-1464.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.03.011. PMID: 33789083.

Mich JK, Graybuck LT, Hess EE, Mahoney JT, Kojima Y, Ding Y, Somasundaram S, Miller JA, Kalmbach BE, Radaelli C, Gore BB, Weed N, Omstead V, Bishaw Y, Shapovalova NV, Martinez RA, Fong O, Yao S, Mortrud M, Chong P, Loftus L, Bertagnolli D, Goldy J, Casper T, Dee N, Opitz-Araya X, Cetin A, Smith KA, Gwinn RP, Cobbs C, Ko AL, Ojemann JG, Keene CD, Silbergeld DL, Sunkin SM, Gradinaru V, Horwitz GD, Zeng H, Tasic B, Lein ES, Ting JT, Levi BP. Functional enhancer elements drive subclass-selective expression from mouse to primate neocortex. Cell Rep. 2021 Mar 30;34(13):108754. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108754. PMID: 33789096.